Lucretia, Izobilnaya, Cumberland Thiab Lwm Yam Ntau Yam Ntawm Blackberries Thiab Raspberry-BlackBerry Hybrids - 1

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Zoo li txhua yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, blackberries muaj ntau hom tsiaj qus uas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm ntau thaj chaw ntawm Asmeskas thiab Europe, txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau tsawg ntawm North American thiab European hom koom nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm cov noob dub niaj hnub. Blackberry thawj zaug tau nkag mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv nruab nrab ntawm 19th caug xyoo hauv Asmeskas, qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntau yam (ntau dua 30), suav nrog cov thornless, tau tsim.

Qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce qib hauv blackberry tau ua tiav hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv hauv yim caum ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Ntawm no, cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev txhim kho thiab thornless tua tau txais, txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis txawv los ntawm lub caij ntuj no siab tawv, nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas txwv lossis ua tsis tau lawv cov cog qoob loo hauv peb lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov txawv teb chaws muaj ntau yam ntawm kev txaus siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau kev pib siv lub vaj amateur thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog cov sib txawv ntawm lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv Agavam, Kamanchi, Cherokee, Darrow, Eldorado, Lincoln Logan, nrog rau cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev ncu thiab thornless Lochnessy, Thornfrey, Smutstem, Chester Thornless, Hull Thornless thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov dub tawv tawv dub, feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig yog hom Lucretia, Himalaya, Thornless Logan, Muskwell Earley.

Kev nquag xaiv ua haujlwm nrog cov qoob loo no tseem nqa hauv Great Britain, Bulgaria, Hungary thiab lwm lub tebchaws European.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, thawj zaug them sai sai rau tus nqi ntawm blackberries I. V. Michurin, uas tau xav txog qhov kab lis kev cai no tsis tshua muaj neeg cog lus nyob hauv peb cov xwm txheej thiab tawm tswv yim kom nws nthuav dav mus rau kev tsim khoom thiab cog qoob loo ntawm tus kheej thaj av. Raws li kev xaiv ua haujlwm ntev, nws tau tsim thiab xyoo 1904-1908 tau piav qhia txog ntau yam tshiab ntawm blackberries (Texas, Krasnaya, Vostochnaya, Izobilnaya, Enorm, Rov Txuas Lucretia, Urania), uas tau tig tawm tsam ntau yam kev tsis kam ntawm cheeb tsam kev cog qoob loo dua li cov hom thawj - Logano thiab Lucretia tuaj ntawm Amelikas. Txog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Russia I. V. Michurin tseem tau tsim cov tswv yim yooj yim rau kev loj hlob blackberries. Lavxias yog lub tsev rau ntau hom tsiaj qus ntawm blackberries (ntau dua 50 hom), uas tseem tsis tau pom muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv kev sib tua,txawm hais tias muaj kev sim siv lawv nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Tam sim no, sau cov tseem ceeb ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws ntawm blackberries thiab lawv cov tsiaj ntawv loj hlob hauv zej zog yog tsom rau ntawm Maikop thiab Pavlovsk kev sim cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm VIR, zoo li nyob rau hauv botanical vaj ntawm Tomsk State University, qee qhov tsim nyog qhia ncaj qha rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv thaj tsam sib txawv. Nyob hauv txoj kab nruab nrab, cov neeg nyiam ua vaj ua tiav ua tiav blackberries ntawm ntau yam Agavam thiab Ufimskaya hauv zos, hauv thaj chaw Krasnodar - ntau yam Krasnodarskaya thiab Chernoplodnaya-1, cog lus rau Ufimskaya-85 thiab Shegarskaya-86 nrog lub caij ntuj no muaj qhov nyuaj thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau Siberia. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm North Caucasus, ntau yam nrog sawv ntsug Wilson Earley, Lawton, Erie, Kittatin, uas tiv taus cov te tawm mus rau-20 … -22 ° C, ua rau lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv. Cov Erie, Kittatini, thiab Lauton hom tau muab faib rau cov pab pawg muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.

Ntawm ntau yam ntawm blackberries, raws li kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig cov yam ntxwv, lub Bashkir pejxeem sawv, muaj tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txiv ntoo loj uas muaj qaub-qab heev. Cov neeg pib ua teb tau ntev nyiam lawv rau lawv lub vaj. Ib txoj kev cia siab ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog yug me nyuam ntawm raspberry-BlackBerry hybrids. Nws paub tias lub peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm blackberries yog ntau dua li raspberries, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev nplua mais ntawm blackberry bushes thiab loj heev berries (txog 10-15 g) hauv cov hom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis hais txog lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog qhov qis dua rau raspberries. Kev sim los tsim raspberry-blackberry ntau yam uas ua ke cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ob cov qoob loo tau ua ntau dua ib zaug. Ib qho ntawm thawj cov txiv ntoo raspberry-blackberry - Loganberry (Loganberry) - tau los ntawm Asmeskas los ntawm Logan xyoo 1881.

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 20, ntau yam ntawm raspberry-blackberry ntau yam ntawm I. V. Michurina - Kev Lag Luam, Kev Txhim Kho, Cov Khoom Lag Luam. Tom qab, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb raspberry-BlackBerry hybrids tau txais nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb - Tayberry, Bedford Jant, Nectarberry, Youngberry thiab lwm yam. Ze rau raspberry-blackberry hybrids thiab ntau yam ntawm dub raspberries, uas suav nrog txawv teb chaws, nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia - Cumberland, Airlie Cumberland, Bristal, Tshiab Logan thiab domestic ntau yam tau hauv Siberian Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Siberia - Ugolek, Povorot. Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia luv luv ntawm feem ntau ntawm blackberry, raspberry-blackberry thiab dub raspberry ntau yam.

BLACKBERRY HOM

Agave

Ib tug qub American ntau yam, bred dhau ib puas xyoo dhau los. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv. Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev mob khaub thuas qis mus txog -40 … -42 ° C, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj raug puas ntawm -27 … -30 ° C. Nroj tsuag muaj sawv, muaj zog. Cov xov paj yog siab, arched, plhaw tawv. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav txog 3 g, dub, qab zib-qaub, muaj ntxhiab, siv thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tawm ntawm ntau yam yog 3-4 kg ntawm berries los ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem.

Ufa hauv zos

Nws tau kwv yees tias qhov no ntau yam yog xaiv xaiv, ntau lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv Agavam yub. Nws yog zus los ntawm pib xyaum ua gardeners nyob rau hauv central Russia. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tawm los thiab saj ntawm berries, nws surpasses lub Agavam ntau yam. Cov txiv ntoo cov khoom hnyav ntawm 2.7-3 g, ci, dub, qab zib, nrog lub zog ntawm blackberry aroma.

Npauj Laim

Ib lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv American ntau yam uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog -30 … -35 ° C. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nws winters me ntsis zuj zus tshaj qhov Agavam ntau yam, tab sis nws yog loj dua-tawg txiv ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav 3-3.5 g lossis ntau dua, xim dub, ci, qab-qaub-saj. Haib Bush nrog erect prickly tua.

Loughton, Erie, Kittatin

American ntau yam, morphologically ze rau txhua lwm yam, teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm upright blackberries. Kom tiv thaiv te te rau-20 … -25 ° C. Hauv North Caucasus, nws siav txij thaum Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Yim Hli lig. Siab tua - 2-2.5 m, thorny. Cov paj loj loj, dawb. Cov txiv ntoo cov khoom hnyav 3-3.5 g, dav-ovoid, violet-dub, yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm, muab cov khoom zoo siab.

Lucretia

Ib tug qub American ntau yam ntawm creeping blackberries. Lub hav zoov muaj zog, muaj ntau lub pos pos. Cov txiv ntseej yog loj, dub, ntev-cylindrical, thaum ntxov ripening, tab sis nrog ib tus qauv nruab nrab saj. Tsawg lub caij ntuj no hardiness, tua xav tau chaw rau lub caij ntuj no.