Cov Hom Ntawm Rhododendrons

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj ntawm rhododendrons. Feem 1

Lub keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob rhododendrons tau mus rau ntau dua 300 xyoo, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm luv luv no lawv tau dhau los ua cov ntoo zoo nkauj nrov heev ob qho tib si hauv kev qhib thiab tiv thaiv hauv av.

Niaj hnub no, thoob plaws hauv ntiaj chaw, muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm rhododendrons. Txog rau hnub tim, ntau tus ntawm ntau yam ntawm tsob ntoo zoo kawg no tau raug tsim.

Raws li ornamental cov nroj tsuag, rhododendrons tau paub txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17; keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov kev cog qoob loo muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia (kev qhia rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua) ntawm cov tsiaj qus. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, ib hom tsiaj alpine tau nkag mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua - lub rhododendron nyuaj-muaj plaub hau.

Tab sis Askiv tau dhau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev taw qhia, qhov twg thawj cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag sau nyob hauv lawv lub tebchaws tau coj. Ua tsaug rau cov huab cua hiav txwv, nrog cov huab cua me me thiab cov dej nag, lawv tau hnov hauv tsev.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Los ntawm Askiv, rhododendrons tau kis mus rau lwm lub tebchaws hauv Western Europe - Belgium, Holland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab lwm yam.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tsiaj tshiab ntawm rhododendrons tau ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij botanists, ntawm cov kws kho mob, cov neeg sawv cev, cov neeg taug kev uas ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb uas npaj kev ceev nrooj mus kawm cov zaub uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm ntuj faib ntawm rhododendrons, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Asia …

Thaum ntxov xyoo 18th, North American rhododendron hom tau qhia. Thiab thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua, daj rhododendrons tau nkag mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Caucasus. Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ntau tshaj li kaum os cov tsiaj qus ntawm cov rhododendrons twb tau qhia tawm, thiab los ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, ntau dua li tsib caug.

Cov tsiaj uas tau nthuav dav tau qhia los ntawm Himalayas, Northeast Asia thiab Nyij Pooj.

Feem ntau, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev mob siab ua hauj lwm ntawm botanists, ntau tshaj 200 hom ntawm rhododendrons tau nrhiav pom yuav luag peb caug xyoo. Nov yog qhia luv luv ntawm cov feem ntau thiab tseem ceeb:

Daurian rhododendron - ib txwm muab faib rau hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia, Primorsky Krai, Northeastern Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Kauslim, Qaum Teb Mongolia, tab sis kuj tseem zoo rau kev loj hlob nyob hauv Middle Lane, hauv thaj tsam Northwest, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Lavxias thiab Urals. Nws yog qhov muaj zog heev, nruab nrab-ib txwm, ib txwm tsob nroj, mus txog plaub metres hauv qhov siab nrog cov ceg thawb sab saud.

Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov qia yog lub teeb lossis tsaus grey, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau nyias, xeb-xim av, feem ntau tsis ntev pubescent ntawm qhov xaus. Cov nplooj yog me me, ncav cuag 2-3 centimeters, oval lossis oval-oblong nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog cov nyom khoov, tawv, du rau saum, thiab scaly hauv qab; tam sim ntawd tom qab tawg paj, lawv yog lub teeb ntsuab, tom qab tsaus ntuj, thiab los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg lawv dhau los ua xim av lossis xim liab-ntsuab.

Cov paj Rhododendron tseem muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov nplooj, lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, loj, mus txog 4 centimeters thiab txawv hauv cov xim liab-violet, feem ntau 2-3 daim accrete ntawm qhov xaus ntawm qhov tua. Lawv cov paj tau ntev, qee zaum ncab kom txog 20 hnub. Rov ua paj ntau zaus tuaj yeem pom hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom

Kittens rau Cov Muag Khoom Siv Cov Khw Muag Taw Plaub rau muag

Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hom no yog nws lub caij ntuj no siab tawv. Daurian rhododendron yog qhov nyiam heev lub teeb, nws zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntoo larch, zoo li ntawm cov ntug hav zoov thiab lub ntsej muag me me. Vim tias thaum ntxov tawg paj ntau ntau, cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov hav txwv yeem thiab cov xim ci ntawm nplooj, cov hom yog dai kom zoo thoob plaws hauv lub caij nyoog thiab tau pom zoo rau kev tsim kho av.

Rhododendron yog tsob ntoo zoo li. Nws lub tebchaws yog North America, qhov twg nws loj hlob hauv tej hav ntawm roob hav thiab nyob rau qhov chaw siab tshaj 1600 meters saum hiav txwv, ntxiv rau thaj chaw hav zoov. Nws loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Nruab Nrab Thaj Chaw, hauv North-Western thaj av, hauv Primorye thiab sab qab teb ntawm Western Siberia.

Rhododendron arborescent yog tsob ntoo qhov ntoo uas loj tau nce mus txog peb meters hauv qhov siab, nrog cov dav dav dav, txog li rau metres hauv kab, thiab tsaus tawv txho. Cov nplooj yog oblong, ncav ib ntev ntawm yim centimeters, ci saum toj no, ci ntsuab, thiab hauv qab bluish-ntsuab, glabrous, ntshav nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Kev pib tawg paj hauv lub Xya Hli thiab kav ntev rau ib hlis, lub sijhawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov paj dawb lossis pinkish, ncav cuag tsib centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab nyob rau hauv bunches ntawm 3-6 pieces nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub tua. Hom rhododendron no muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab tawg paj thaum ntxov. Nws yog siv rau pawg cog rau ntawm cov nyom, hauv kab ntawm txoj kev thiab hu nkauj tawm tsam cov keeb kwm ntawm cov ntoo hauv lub tiaj ua si.

Rhododendron yog daj. Belorussia, Ukraine, yav qab teb Russia, Poland, Caucasus, Asia muaj hnub nyoog yog suav hais tias yog nws lub tebchaws, qhov chaw uas nws loj hlob ntawm undergrowth, ntawm ntug hav zoov, kev tshem tawm, swamps, zoo li nyob rau hauv cov roob hauv qhov siab txog li 2000 metres saum hiav txwv. Cov. Ntxiv rau nws lub tebchaws, rhododendron daj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo hauv Middle Lane, hauv North-West, hauv Primorye, hauv Urals thiab hauv Western Siberia.

Nws yog tsob ntoo deciduous, nce mus txog plaub metres hauv qhov siab, txiav ceg thiab loj hlob zoo nrog nplooj ntoo lossis ob-nplooj, mus ntev li 10 centimeters thiab ciliate raws ntug. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj yog mos-pubescent, nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lawv pleev xim rau hauv cov xim daj, txiv kab ntxwv thiab xim liab.

Paj yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv ntawm 7-12 pieces, muaj ntxhiab heev nrog lub xim daj lossis xim txiv kab ntxwv-paj corolla. Nws blooms tam sim ntawd tom qab nplooj qhib. Nws hlob sai heev thiab yog lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv, yuav tsum muaj cov av noo thiab humus-nplua nuj thiab tsis tiv thaiv huab cua qhuav. Cov nroj tsuag muaj dai kom zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij paj, thiab tseem nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum lawv cov nplooj yog xim pleev xim hauv cov xim qaim. Lub rhododendron no tau pom zoo rau kev loj hlob hauv ob qho tib si thiab pawg tsob ntoo.

Kamchatka rhododendron. Nws lub tebchaws yog Arctic, Far East, Nyij Pooj thiab ib feem sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm North America, kuj yog Aleutian Islands.

Nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj, nws loj hlob hauv cov tuab ntawm cedar, ntawm loaches thiab hauv tundra ntawm qhov txias, noo, ntxoov ntxoo lossis qhib toj. Cov nroj tsuag yog tsob ntoo doog rau tsob ntoo, nce mus txog ib nrab ntawm qhov siab hauv qhov siab thiab muaj cov ntom ntom nti, qhib, xim av-ceg ntoo nrog cov plaub ntug ncaj los yog ntsuab, cov ceg ntoo uas muaj plaub nrog cov ceg loj, rov qab-kheej thiab me ntsis elongated nplooj nyob ntawm lawv. Cov nplooj npiav muaj xim tsaus saum toj saud, thiab lub teeb ntsuab thiab bristly plaub hauv qab.

Cov paj ntawm Kamchatka rhododendron yog qhov loj heev, ncav plaub ntu diam, ib qho los yog sau rau hauv 2-5 pieces hauv xoob racemes, feem ntau liab-liab doog-liab. Cov hom yog qhov khaus-Hardy thiab ncav cuag nws qhov kev txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov chaw muaj pob zeb nrog xoob, tshiab thiab humus av, nyiam dua hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub. Zoo heev rau cov chaw ua si tsim kho nyob rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias, rau kev txiav tawm, pawg cog ntoo, zoo li nyob rau hauv undergrowth ntawm pob cog ntoo.

Rhododendron canadian. Los ntawm East ntawm North America thiab loj hlob hauv hav dej, hav iav thiab hav zoov hav zoov. Nws yog tsob ntoo uas loj hlob qis, tsob ntoo nplooj zeeg, ncav ib metre qhov siab nrog cov ceg tawv thiab lub ntsej muag dav dav lossis lub ntsej muag tawv, mus txog rau centimeters hauv qhov ntev, me ntsis plaub sab saud, thiab zoo li muaj plaub hauv qab.

Cov paj ntawm Canadian rhododendron yog cov loj, paj yeeb-paj yeeb, npaj hauv 5 daim ntawm cov ceg luv. Hom kab no yog lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv thiab loj hlob zoo hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm St. Petersburg. Pom zoo rau siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj thiab chaw ua si ntawm North-Western hav zoov thaj tsam ntawm European feem ntawm Russia. Nws zoo nkauj heev rau ntawm cov npoo, thiab hauv pawg cog rau ntawm cov chaw muaj pob zeb.

Rhododendron yog luv luv-txiv ntoo. Nws loj hlob ib txwm muaj nyob hauv Far East, Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Kuril Islands. Nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv cov roob, nws ua cov nplooj tuab saum thaj tsam ntawm hav zoov thiab qee zaum nkag mus rau hauv qab qhov tob. Nws yog tsob ntoo daj ntsuab, nce mus txog peb metres hauv qhov siab thiab pom qhov loj, tawv thiab oblong-elliptical nplooj nrog curled sawv, glabrous thiab ci saum toj no, thiab greyish-tomentose hauv qab no. Nws blooms nrog loj dawb los yog pinkish paj. Nws yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si pawg thiab ib qho chaw tsaws.

Lub rhododendron yog qhov loj tshaj plaws. Nws lub tebchaws yog North America, qhov twg nws loj hlob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab nyob rau hauv cov roob siab txog li 1200 metres siab dua hiav txwv, feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov tas mus li thiab nyob rau hauv lub undergrowth ntawm damp roob thiab hav zoov hav zoov, thiab raws li nyob rau acidic xau, nyiam qhov nqes ntawm sab qaum teb kis. Nws yog tsob ntoo, lossis tsob ntoo me me, txog li plaub metres siab nrog cov dav dav dav thiab cov tawv ntoo txho tshauv dub, tau zoo tawm ntawm cov xim ntsuab tsaus ntawm cov nplooj thiab cov xim liab ntawm cov paj, sau rau hauv inflorescences ntom ntawm 17-25 tej daim. Lawv qhib tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshiab tua thiab nplooj, feem ntau nyob rau lub Rau Hli- Lub Xya Hli. Hom kab no tsuas yog siv hauv cov pab pawg cog hauv lub vaj tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo coniferous thiab tsob ntoo tshiab.

Loj-tawm ntawm rhododendron. Nws keeb kwm los ntawm North America, nws yog ib tsob ntoo ntsuab uas nce mus txog peb metres hauv qhov siab nrog lub thoob kis mus txog 3.5 metres hauv taub thiab tawv xim av. Cov nplooj yog oblong, tsaus ntsuab saum toj thiab daj ntseg hauv qab.

Lub paj yog xim liab nrog xim av xim liab, dawb, qhib rau lub Rau Hli. Hom kab no zoo nkauj heev thaum lub caij tawg paj. Tus nroj tsuag nws tus kheej yog lub nrawm nrawm, muaj lub teeb hlub zoo heev. Siv rau cog ntawm cov nyom ntawm tej pawg me.

Katevba rhododendron yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov pom kev zoo nkauj, paj yeeb-paj yeeb, paj zoo li cov paj uas tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig thiab muaj nyob hauv cov pawg loj. Cov hom no yog siv raws li ciam teb, hauv cov pab pawg cog, ua ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntoo zoo nkauj thiab tsim nyog rau kev ntxoov ntxoo ib nrab.

Rhododendron Ledebour hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj tau nthuav dav hauv Altai thiab hauv roob Sayan, nrog rau thaj tsam North-Eastern ntawm Mongolia, qhov chaw nws loj hlob ntawm qhov hav zoov coniferous hav zoov, nyob rau lub roob roob siab thiab hauv txoj siv sia ntawm subalpine. Nws yog cov ntoo ib nrab-nplooj ntsuab-txiav qhov me me uas muaj nplooj ntau nplooj sib npaug, ncav qhov siab ntawm ib thiab ib nrab metres nrog cov ceg taw kev siab dua. Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ceg thiab cov ceg yog tsaus grey. Cov nplooj yog mos, tawv, tsaus txiv ntseej ntsuab saum toj, paler hauv qab no. Lawv overwinter, curling mus rau hauv cov hlab, thiab qhib tsuas yog thaum lub zog thaws. Lub tsob nroj tawg paj hauv lub Tsib Hlis rau kaum hnub, thiab ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj zeeg nrog paj zoo nkauj nrog lub paj yeeb-paj yeeb. Siv hauv kev cog ntoo.

Rhododendron Makino. Nws lub tebchaws yog Nyij Pooj, qhov chaw nws loj hlob hauv toj siab. Nws yog ib tsob ntoo ntsuab tas li mus txog qhov siab ob meters. Cov yas yog pob puag ncig, ntom ntom nrog cov tawv ntoo grey thiab nqaim-lanceolate nplooj thiab lub ntsej muag daj paj yeeb-paj ua paj ntev li 5 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub taub. Qhov no tsiaj blooms nyob rau hauv lig May-Lub rau hli ntuj. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj heev thaum lub sij hawm huab cua tawg. Pom zoo rau cog hauv pob zeb ua teb.

Cov rhododendron me- tawm hauv keeb kwm los ntawm Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Kauslim, Tuam Tshoj thiab North America, qhov twg nws loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntub, hauv txoj cai alpine thiab subalpine ntawm roob thiab hauv swamps. Nws yog cov ntoo daj ntsuab daj erect shrub, mus txog qhov siab ntawm ib 'meter' dav dav lub ntsej muag thiab xim av lossis tsaus grey tawv ntoo thiab oblong-lanceolate tsaus nplooj ntsuab. Cov paj yog lilac, dav-funnel-puab, tawg thaum lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Xya Hli. Hauv cov vaj, lawv tau cog rau hauv pawg hauv cov vaj pob zeb.

Rhododendron yog ntom ntom. Nws lub tebchaws yog Suav. Nyob ntawd nws loj hlob hauv cov roob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 5,000 meters saum hiav txwv dej hiav txwv thiab ntawm qhov chaw qhib ntub.

Nws yog ib tsob ntoo ntsuab qis qis nce mus txog qhov siab li ib nrab ntawm lub meter, nrog lub ncoo cushion crown tsis siab tshaj 50 centimeters. Nplooj yog dav elliptical. Flowering kav txij li lub Tsib Hlis mus txog ib nrab Lub Rau Hli, tam sim ntawd tom qab nplooj tawg, koj tuaj yeem pom cov paj daj-xiav mus txog 2.5 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub taub. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov rhododendron no rau hauv ib lossis ib pawg cog ntawm kev txiav nyom, chaw txiav thiab alpine swb.

Rhododendron liab keeb kwm los ntawm roob hav zoov ntub dej ntawm North America thiab Canada. Nws yog tsob ntoo deciduous ncav rau qhov siab ntawm ib thiab ib nrab metres nrog lub ntsej muag compact thiab grey tsaus tawv ntoo. Cov nplooj yog bluish-ntsuab, pubescent ntawm ob sab. Cov paj yog qaim liab, tsw qab, mus txog plaub centimeters nyob rau hauv lub taub thiab qhib ib txhij nrog nplooj, pleasing lub qhov muag thoob plaws lub Tsib Hlis. Lub hav zoov yog qhov nruab nrab qhov siab thiab pom zoo rau pawg cog rau ntawm cov nyom lossis hauv cov ntoo cog hauv thaj chaw muaj pob zeb.

Rhododendron Smirnov muaj npe tom qab tus kws kho mob Lavxias thiab neeg nyiam M. Smirnov. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntuj, nws loj hlob nyob rau Caucasus, hauv hav zoov ntawm ob qho tib si qis thiab nruab nrab txoj siv ntawm roob, ntawm qhov chaw siab tsis tshaj 2500 metres saum hiav txwv. Nws yog ib tsob ntoo ntsuab lossis tsob ntoo me, ncav rau qhov siab txog 6 qhov siab, muaj qhov dawb-pubescent cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thiab oblong-elliptical nplooj ntsuab.

Cov kab liab liab-paj yeeb-daj zoo li paj, ncav mus txog 6 lub cheeb thiab ntim hauv lub taub hau sib xyaw ua ke, muaj nyob ntawm qhov xaus ntawm qhov tua. Lub rhododendron no haum rau ob qho tib si thiab pab pawg cog ntoo.

Schlippenbach lub rhododendron muaj npe tom qab tus thawj tub rog hauv nkoj thiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws A. V. Schlippenbach. Nws loj hlob hauv cov hav zoov ntawm qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Primorye, nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Nyij Pooj nyob hauv cov hav zoov me me ntawm lub pob zeb qhuav ntawm roob thiab hauv hav zoov muaj teeb. Hom kab no yog qhov tsis zoo kawm thiab yog qhov zoo nkauj tawg loj loj txiav ntoo nrog tsob ntoo kis kab mob, nthuav dav hauv tsob ntoo, thiab mus txog qhov siab ntawm plaub metres. Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ceg qub yog lub teeb txho.

Cov nplooj yog mos, poob, sau hauv 5 daim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev tua, lawv yuav tsaus ntsuab saum toj. Cov paj no loj (7-10 centimeters diam) nrog tus ntxhiab tsw qab thiab daj paj yeeb uas muaj xim zoo nkauj, sau hauv 3-6 daig hauv cov kaus uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Lawv tawg tib lub sijhawm uas cov nplooj qhib.

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom cog lus rau kev cog vaj, zoo heev hauv kev cog ntoo thiab rau cov pab pawg me ntawm kev txiav nyom.

Japanese rhododendron. Lub npe heev ntawm hom tsiaj qhia tau tias nws yog haiv neeg Nyijpooj, qhov chaw nws loj hlob ntawm roob thiab hauv toj. Nws yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws rhododendrons pom ntawm lub hnub poob qis ntawm cov roob ntawm Honshu. Nws yog tsob ntoo uas loj heev, mus txog ob metres hauv qhov siab thiab txawv los ntawm paj zoo nkauj heev, pleev xim hauv cov xim txiv kab ntxwv ci thiab sau hauv 12 daim hauv cov pawg muaj zog.

Nws tsis muaj qhov exaggeration hais tias cov tsiaj no tsis muaj kev sib npaug hauv nruab nrab thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias hais txog kev ua kom zoo nkauj thaum lub sijhawm paj. Pom zoo rau ob qho tib si thiab pawg tsob paj ntoo. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo saib ua ke nrog rau lwm cov rhododendrons, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov hom tsaus nti.

Nyeem tshooj txuas ntxiv. Rhododendrons: cog, tu, siv rau hauv tus qauv tsim design