Cov Yam Ntxwv Thiab Kev Npaj Zaub Noob Rau Tseb

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Kev faib tawm, hnav khaub ncaws, cua sov, soaking thiab txhawb kev loj hlob, bubbling, pelleting, germination thiab vernalization ntawm cov noob

Los ntawm cov noob phem - tsis txhob cia siab tias ib pawg neeg zoo

Lub ntsiab rau lub siab cov qoob loo ntawm cov zaub cog yog kev npaj siab zoo ntawm lawv cov noob rau sowing. Cov tswv teb feem ntau cog lawv cov qoob loo tseem ceeb los ntawm kev yub yub, tab sis feem ntau lawv yuav tsum tau so cov noob ib qho zaub nrog cov noob hauv qhov chaw sab hauv lossis sab nraum zoov. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub pre-sowing npaj ntawm cov noob yuav tsum tau mus kom ze zoo heev, vim hais tias nws paub tias "los ntawm cov noob phem, tsis txhob cia siab tias ib pawg neeg zoo."

Cov neeg ua vaj feem ntau yuav cov noob rau lub caij los ntawm cov khw noob uas muaj txiaj ntsig lawv lub koob npe nrov thiab lav tau cov khoom zoo. Qhov zoo ib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais txog kev muag cov noob los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntiag tug los ntawm txhais tes. Feem ntau lawv yuav cov noob loj loj (qee zaum tas sij hawm tas zog), ntim lawv tus kheej thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov zoo.

Cov noob "Branded" raug tswj los ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Rooj Tshawb Xyuas Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab, raws li txoj cai, ua raws txhua GOST tus qauv. Ntawm lawv cov pob muaj feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov sowing zoo ntawm cov noob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub tias cov khoom siv noob tau kis nrog cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis yog dhau ntawm kev tswj hwm lub xeev thiab tsis raug pov thawj.

Er's Gardener phau ntawv ntaw Cov chaw zov me nyuam Lub khw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau tsev neeg thaum caij ntuj sov

Cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov noob zoo suav nrog germination zog, germination, viability, purity, sowing haum, noo noo.

Kev cog lub zog yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov noob noob kom tawg mus sai thiab sib haum xeeb.

Kev cog qoob loo yog txhais raws li kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov noob los ua cov pib loj hlob tuaj; Nws yog qhov piv ntawm cov nquag muaj noob (rau qee lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo) rau lawv tag nrho cov naj npawb coj mus rau germination.

Nqi yog xam raws li lub peev xwm ntawm noob rau yuav ciaj sia, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm nyob noob (germinating thiab dormant). Nws tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov noob uas tsis dhau lub sijhawm dormant, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab ceev ntawm lawv qhov zoo.

Noob purity muaj tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov pawg loj ntawm cov noob qoob loo tseem ceeb

Txhua tus ua teb, ua ntej yuav cov noob tshiab rau lub caij, yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom qub kom tshem tawm thiab muab pov tseg cov uas twb tas sijhawm lawm. Nws tsis tsim nyog rau sowing lub noob tas sijhawm, vim tias koj tuaj yeem sab laug yam tsis muaj qoob loo. Hnub tas sij hawm ntawm cov noob feem ntau luam tawm ntawm lub hnab uas koj tau yuav lawv tom khw. Txog sowing feem ntau cov qoob loo cov qoob loo (tshwj tsis yog rau dib thiab lwm cov taub dag), tshiab (xyoo tas los) noob yog qhov zoo dua. Cov noob ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag taub dag tau siv zoo tshaj tom qab 2-3 xyoos ntawm kev khaws cia.

Ntev ua ntej pib ntawm lub caij nyoog, nws raug nquahu rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kom tsim daim kwv yees ze rau lawv cog lawv cov vaj txiv ntoo hauv lub tsev ntsuab, cov chaw sov lossis qhib av kom nws tsis txhob nthuav tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ua tau thaum ntxov thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig caij nplooj zeeg. Nws tsim nyog nco qab tias sowing, piv txwv li, cov noob soob pib 40-45 hnub ua ntej cog noob rau hauv qhov chaw mus tas li, noob noob - 30 hnub, celery - 80 hnub, kua txob - 60 hnub.

Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau sim ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev (hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis), txij li lawv tau tsim los ua kom lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tau txais ua ntej tus phooj ywg muaj zog tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag; lawv kuj cia lawv, txawm tias huab cua tsis zoo, mus dhau txhua theem ntawm lawv txoj kev txhim kho hauv lub sijhawm, tau ntsib kev mob siab los ntawm cov kab tsuag, kab mob thiab cov nyom.

Thaum txheeb xyuas cov khoom sowing muaj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los cais cov noob, uas tsis muaj zog, tsis tshua muaj rog, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau saum npoo, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, yog li tom qab koj yuav tsis khuv xim lub sijhawm thiab lub zog. Nws yog qhov ua tau los nqa tawm cov kev lees yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov noob txiv ntoo uas siv cov kua tshuaj 3-5% ntawm sodium chloride. Yog li, cov noob noob txiv uas tau tshwm sim li ntawm 3-5 feeb ntawm kev kis tau raug tshem tawm uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, thiab cov noob uas tau raus rau hauv qab (puv phaus) yog ntxuav ob zaug thiab ziab.

Yog tias cov cog cov pib xyaum ua kev sib pauv cov noob nrog lawv cov npoj yaig lossis siv lawv tus kheej cov noob, kev paug tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawd yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias ntau ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab ib feem ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov av thiab nyob sab hauv thiab saum npoo ntawm cov noob. Nrog rau cov noob ntawm dib, piv txwv li, kis mob ntawm anthracnose thiab angular nqaij ntawd kis, beets - peronosporosis thiab phomosis, zaub qhwv - leeg voos bacteriosis, peronosporosis, phomosis, carrots - dub rot, thiab lwm yam.

× Daim ntawv ceeb toom board Kittens rau muag Cov menyuam dev rau muag Nees rau muag

Kuv xav tias nws tseem zoo dua los muab qhov kev nyiam ua kua cog tiv thaiv cov khoom lag luam thaum etching. Yog lawm, thaum soaking, cov noob yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv kev daws tshuaj rau lub sijhawm twg, tom qab ntawd ziab kom huv si (yog tias cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav zoo ua ntej, ntev ua ntej sowing) los yog qhuav me ntsis (ntub cov noob yog nyuaj rau tseb)).

Txawm hais tias kev siv cov kev npaj rau hauv lub xeev qhuav yog qhov yooj yim me ntsis, nws tso cai, thaum tshee, piv txwv li, cov noob hauv ib lub hnab nrog lub taub hau, hom khaub ncaws (nyias txheej) txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txheej txheem no hauv ib chav tsev yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj qab haus huv, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem lav kev nyab xeeb tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj pom zoo rau kev muag khoom lag luam feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib kis sab hauv ntawm ntau cov kab mob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kis thiab cov kab mob) lossis ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj no yog cov kab mob potassium permanganate, uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob mycotic zoo heev, hauv kev sib piv rau cov kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm bacteriosis thiab kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov txiv lws suav muaj khaws cia hauv nws cov kev daws teeb meem 0.5% rau 5-8 feeb (ntawm 30 … 35 ° C). Kev kho cov noob rau 15 feeb nrog kev daws ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm kev npaj (1 g ntawm KMnO7, 0.2 g ntawm boric acid, 0.1 g ntawm CuSO ₄ ib qho dej ntawm cov dej) tseem ua tau zoo tiv thaiv phytopathogenic fungi.

Qee cov txiv hmab ntoo siv tshuaj tov ntawm calendula lossis qij los tua cov noob.

Hauv thawj kis, cov noob tau muab tso rau 25-30 feeb nyob rau hauv Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm cov paj qhuav (ib me nyuam diav hauv lub khob ntawm cov dej npau, tom qab straining, ntxiv txog li 1 liv ntawm chilled dej npau).

Hauv ob, qhov ntau ntawm cov grated qej clove yog diluted nyob rau hauv 200 ml ntawm cov dej txias, cov tshuaj sib tov tau nqa mus rau 1 liter thiab cov noob yog khaws cia rau hauv lub hnab ntim cov nplaum rau 30-40 feeb.

Nyob rau ntau lub xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb, Kuv tau siv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov ntoo tshauv thiab cov kua txiv ntawm tsob ntoo aloe uas paub zoo, uas ua raws li kev loj hlob biostimulator thiab ua kom pom cov kab mob muaj zog, los kho cov noob ntawm ntau yam hom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov zaub qhwv. Txoj kev lis dej ntawm cov ntoo tshauv kuj tseem pab tau. Tshauv muaj yuav luag 30 cov as-ham, suav nrog cov kab kawm tseem ceeb rau tsob ntoo. Cov noob raug muab tso rau hauv txoj kev lis ntshav txhua hnub (ib nrab ib khob ntawm tshauv rau ib 1 liter) rau 4-6 teev. Thiab kua txiv aloe tau npaj raws li hauv qab no: noj plaub lub txiv duaj kua txiv aloe nplooj, ntxuav lawv kom huv, qhuav lawv thiab khaws cia rau hauv hnab yas hauv lub tub yees (13-15 hnub ntawm 6 … 8 ° C lossis 5-7 hnub ntawm 2 ° C) rau liquefy lub kua txiv. Hauv cov kua txiv uas tsis muaj zog, cov noob tau tsim tawm rau 4-6 teev thiab, yam tsis tau ntxuav, yog kis rau ntawm daim ntawv lim ntub los yog ntaub npog rau o. Qhov kev kho no yog nqa tawm 3-4 hnub ua ntej sowing.

Yuav kom leeb lub germination ntawm noob ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov zaub cov qoob loo (dos, carrots), nws yog qhia kom nqa tawm ua ntej soaking. Cov noob yog nchuav mus rau hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog dej me me kom nws npog lawv maj mam. Cov dej hloov pauv txhua 4-6 teev. Noob ntawm dos, carrots, beets thiab dill yog soaked rau 2-3 hnub, thiab dib, zucchini, taub dag, zaub qhwv, lws suav, taum mog, radish - 8-12 teev. Koj tuaj yeem nce cov kev ua kom cov nyom ntawm cov noob ntawm beets, carrots, dos, zaub txhwb nyoos los ntawm soaking lawv rau 12-18 teev nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm boric acid (0.2 g ib 1 l dej), zoo li nyob rau hauv daus (yaj) lossis magnetized. dej. Ntxiv dag zog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov noob zaub no yog txhawb nqa los ntawm cua sov lawv nrog lub hnub rau 7-10 hnub.

Txhawm rau nce cov qoob loo ntawm cov zaub thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej sowing cov noob, daws teeb meem ntawm epin (1-2 tee ib 100 ml), 0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate, 0.001-0.005% tooj liab sulfate, 0.03-0, 05% zinc sulfate, 0.005-0.05% boric acid, 0.05-0.1% ammonium molybdate, 0.5% bicarbonate ntawm dej qab zib lossis 0.01% nicotinic acid (tiv taus 24 teev ntawm chav tsev kub), lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog tawm zog. Tebchaw nyob rau hauv uas humic acids, gibberelin, thiab heteroauxin koom nrog muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo txhawb. Zircon tseem muaj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob stimulating nyhuv. Lawv tuaj yeem tsau cov noob zaub.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov noob ntawm ntau cov qoob loo cov qoob loo ua rau muaj zog lub zog kev loj hlob thiab kev muaj peev xwm muaj zog yog tias lawv khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm (tsawg kawg ib lub lis piam) ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis zoo (-2 … -4 ° C) ua ntej sowing. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias lub sijhawm luv luv cua sov ntawm cov noob (ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 40 ° C) txo lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob.

Kev kho tshav kub ntawm cov noob (siv dej kub txog 50 ° C) ntawm cov zaub qhwv dawb rau 25 feeb ntxuav lawv (ntawm kev kis mob ntawm Alternaria, ceg dub thiab kab mob), cov noob txiv lws suav hauv 20 feeb - los ntawm kab mob qog nqaij hlav thiab kab mob kis rau. Lub teeb ntsuas kub yuav tsum tswj xyuas tag nrho lub sijhawm cua sov los ntawm kev ntxiv dej kub. Tom qab cov tshuaj no, cov noob cia rau hauv dej txias rau ob peb feeb thiab qhuav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no ua haujlwm ntawm dej kub me ntsis txo qhov kev tawm ntawm cov noob, yog li cov noob yub tau nce li 10-15%.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo yog qhia los ntawm cov noob bubbling - tsau lawv hauv dej noo nrog cua. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lub thawv no tau ntim dej los ntawm 2/3, qhov taub ntawm lub taub dej thoob dej compressor yog qis mus rau hauv qab. Tom qab sau cov noob, lub tshuab ua pa yog tig rau, txhua zaus nplawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub thawv ntim. Sparging ntawm pea noob yog txuas ntxiv rau 4-6 teev, zaub qhwv, radish thiab zaub xas lav - 10-12, soob, beet - 18-20, carrots, dos, zaub ntsuab, zaub txhwb qaib, zaub kav, coriander thiab dill -18-24, kua txob - 30 -36 teev. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau nce ntxiv los ntawm kev siv qhov kev tov ntawm qhov sib tov ntawm 1 g ntawm poov tshuaj nitrate thiab 1 g ntawm poov tshuaj phosphate (rau 100 ml dej). Nrog lub ntsej muag ntev dua, cov noob kuj txo lawv txoj kev tawm haujlwm.

Cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm rau kev txhawb nqa cov noob yub ib txhij, sib ntaus sib tua saum npoo, sab hauv thiab txawm av ntawm cov kab mob yog cov noob pelleting. Tsis ntev los no, cov tuam txhab cog noob tau muab cov noob uas twb tau ntim rau hauv cov tsiav tshuaj lawm. Lawv tau txais nrog ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov noob nrog cov txheej txheej ntawm cov chiv, cov kab mob fungicides (feem ntau TMTD) thiab microelements nyob rau hauv kev siv tsis siv neeg - pelletizers.

Ib qho 0.02% polyacrylamide tov (1:10 los ntawm qhov hnyav) yog siv rau kev ntub dej thiab ci. Potash thiab nitrogen chiv thiab kab kawm muaj ntxiv rau lub plhaw dragee. Rau 1 liter ntawm cov tshuaj kua nplaum siv 40 mg ntawm manganese sulfate, 10 mg ntawm tooj liab sulfate, 40 mg ntawm boric acid, 300 mg ntawm ammonium molybdate, 200 mg ntawm sulfate sulfate. Qee cov tuam txhab suav nrog hauv qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pelleted loj, ntxiv rau cov kab mob fungicides, tshuaj tua kab, lwm tus - xaiv cov microelements tseem ceeb rau txhua cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb. Cov tswv khw-yuav cov pelleted noob, raws li txoj cai, yog cog ncaj qha rau hauv av yam tsis tas yuav so.

Txawm hais tias cov noob pelleting yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog tias xav tau, tus neeg ua teb nws tus kheej tuaj yeem npaj nws cov noob li no. Qhuav thiab ua kom qis qis qis qis qis qis yog siv los ua qhov muab tub lim. 1.5 g ntawm hmoov superphosphate yog siv rau 100 g ntawm peat. Raws li cov nplaum, ib qho dej hauv gelatin lossis ib qho kev lis ntshav ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab (1:10) lim los ntawm txheej txheej peb npaug ntawm daim ntaub nyias nyias yog siv. Kab laum yog ntxiv rau qhov npaj kom loj nyob hauv tus nqi qub raws li qhia saum toj no. Tom qab ntawd cov noob tau muab tso rau hauv lub khob peb-liter hub, me ntsis moistened nrog kev daws kom lawv tsis poob flowability. Ntxiv cov txiv neej qhuav dragee sib tov hauv qhov me me, nchuav cov khoom ntim hauv cov ntawv uas ua kom sib luag, yog li txhim tsa lub plhaub ntawm cov noob. Cov noob uas tau txais hauv txoj kev no yog tam sim ntawd sown lossis qhuav hauv qhov chaw tsaus thiab khaws cia kom txog thaum tseb.

Txhawm rau tau txais ntau tus phooj ywg thiab muaj zog tua, cov noob pauv hauv qhov muag tau tawv, khaws cia rau peb hnub ntawm - 1 … -3 ° С, thiab tom qab ntawd rau 1-1.5 hnub - ntawm 18 … 20 ° С. Cov noob qoob loo tiv taus cov stalking (celery, zaub txhwb qaib, zaub ntug hauv paus, dos ib zaug turnip), tom qab so thiab pib ntawm kev cog qoob loo (tsis pub ntau tshaj 5% ntawm cov noob), yog raug rau ib feem ntawm kev txiav txim tag. Lawv khaws cia rau hauv tub yees, hauv daus lossis dej khov rau qhov kub ntawm -1 ° … 1 ° C (piv txwv li, noob celery - 20-24 hnub, zaub txhwb qaib - 18-22 hnub, carrots thiab dos 15-20) hnub).

Muaj sau zoo!

Kuj nyeem:

Yuav ua li cas npaj cov noob rau tseb