Lub Vaj Marjoram Los Yog Hnyuv Ntxwm Tshuaj Ntsuab: Kev Cog Qoob Loo, Siv Hauv Tshuaj Thiab Ua Noj Ua Haus

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Garden marjoram yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas muaj ntxhiab-ntxhiab, tshuaj ntsuab cog

Garden marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) ntawm tsev neeg yaj yog tseem hu ua vaj marjoram, majorin, hnyuv ntxwm tshuaj ntsuab.

Nws lub tebchaws yog qhov ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Africa. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub, Greek thiab Loos tau siv marjoram los ua txuj lom. Nws tau siv ua seasoning rau zaub mov noj, thiab tseem yog kev kho mob tsis zoo rau ntau yam kab mob, tab sis marjoram tau pom tias tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau tus mob khaub thuas.

Hauv kev coj noj coj ua, vaj teb marjoram yog dav hauv cov tebchaws uas muaj huab cua sov thiab huab cua. Nws pom nyob rau sab qab teb Europe, Poland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Hungary, sab qaum teb Africa, Is Nrias teb, Indochina, Asmeskas, Canada, thiab Latin America. Tam sim no nws tau dav cog hauv Baltic lub teb chaws, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Caucasus thiab Central Asia.

Tus nqi ntawm marjoram

Marjoram

Marjoram muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov ntsim-ntxhiab, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab ntau ntxiv tsis ntev los no yog cov roj nroj tsuag tseem ceeb vim qhov tseeb tias nws muaj 1-3.5% ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag ntawm kua txob, mint, cardamom thiab thyme ua ke. Cov roj no tau yooj yim rov qab los ntawm chav distillation. Nws yog lub xov tooj txawb uas tsis muaj xim lossis kua daj daj nrog muaj qab ntxiag, muaj zog heev thiab pheej muaj qhov ntxhiab tsw-cov nplaim paj (marjoram) tsw ntxhiab thiab muaj pungent ntsim. Marjoram tseem ceeb roj yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau perfumery, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab kev lag luam. Nws muaj cov tshuaj terpenes (terpenol, borneol, thiab lwm yam). Nws muaj peculiar muaj ntxhiab tsw, muaj zog ntsim, me ntsis pungent saj, zoo ib yam li thyme, tab sis ntau hloov maj mam thiab qab zib. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj cov ascorbic acid ntau, thiab carotene, rutin,tannins, suav nrog phenols, iab, thiab lwm yam.

Cov nroj no yog siv los ua cov tshuaj cog thiab cov nplauv paj. Raws li cov txuj lom, nws yog siv rau hauv kaus poom thiab hnyuv ntxwm ntau lawm, hauv kev ua noj thiab winemaking. Marjoram yog lub npe hu ua hnyuv ntxwm tshuaj ntsuab, zoo li hauv ntau lub teb chaws nws tau muab lub luag haujlwm ua lub caij tseem ceeb rau cov hnyuv ntxwm.

Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, tshuaj yej yog npaj los ntawm marjoram thiab ib qho tseem ceeb roj tau txais.

Rau beekeepers, marjoram yog tseem ceeb raws li lub caij ntuj sov lub caij zib ntab cog.

Yuav tsum muaj rau cov mob loj hlob

Nyob hauv cov subtropics, marjoram yog qhov muaj zog, uas tau txhim kho muaj hnub nyoog ntev li 0.8-1 m siab. Hauv peb lub teb chaws, marjoram yog cog raws li cog txhua xyoo. Perennial kev coj noj coj ua yog ua tau tsuas yog hauv Caucasus. Hauv cov huab cua sov nws yog qhov tsob ntoo cog pob txha loj txog 30-50 cm qhov siab. Ntau lub cev tsim cov hav txwv yeem, txaij lossis arcuate, nyias, nkag, nthuav tawm los ntawm cov caj dab cag, tetrahedral, nruab nrab thiab cov ceg muaj zog, zoo heev pubescent, woody ntawm lub hauv paus, brownish-ntsuab lossis nrog ib tus zas liab.

Nws cov nplooj yog petioled, me me, 1.5-2.5 cm ntev, 0.8-1.5 cm dav, rov qab, oblong-ovate, tag nrho, nrog cov plaub mos mos. Cov ntoo tag nrho yog them nrog silvery-grey fine-grained pubescence.

Cov paj yog me me, dawb, paj yeeb lossis xim liab, sau hauv oblong inflorescences, muaj li ntawm peb mus rau tsib zoo li tus xyoob ntoo uas nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov ceg. Blooms thaum Lub Xya Hli - Lub Yim Hli. Txij li kev cog qoob loo mus txog thaum pib ua paj, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 130-140 hnub dhau mus.

Cov txiv ntoo tau qhuav, muaj plaub lub noob. Cov noob, lossis theej cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog txiv ntoo, yog lub teeb xim av nrog lub ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, me me heev. Muaj 3.5-5 txhiab daim hauv 1 g. Kev cog noob yog qhov siab - txog 80%. Lawv tuaj yeem siv 7-8 xyoos. Thaum sown nrog cov noob qhuav hauv cov av ntub, cov noob tshwm nyob rau hauv 8-20 hnub.

Marjoram yog tsob nroj kub-nyiam kev hlub. Qhov ntsuas kub tsawg kawg rau cov noob kev sib kis yog + 10 … + 12 ° С, txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshwm sim ntawm cov noob yog + 20 … + 25 ° С. Marjoram yog nkag siab txawm tias me me te, ntawm + 1 … + 2 ° С cov yub tuaj yeem tuag taus.

Marjoram yog lub teeb ci uas xav tau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsim kom muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua nyob hauv thaj chaw qhib, pom kev zoo. Nrog rau shading thiab nyob rau qaum teb qhov chaw qis, cov tawm ntawm ntsuab loj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb txo qis, thiab nws cov khoom tsis zoo.

Marjoram yog keej txog cov av khoom noj thiab dej noo. Nws nyiam xoob, qhov dej ntws tawm hauv av. Cov xuab zeb ntub dej ntub thiab ntub dej ntawm cov av nplaum yog qhov tsis haum rau nws. Muaj cov khoom siv hauv lub cev, ua qhov tob tob nkag mus rau cov hauv paus, nws loj hlob zoo dua ntawm cov av fertile, humus-nplua nuj av, zoo muab nrog noo noo. Thaum loj hlob hauv ntuj qhuav heev, nws yuav tsum tau ywg dej tsis tu ncua. Kev cog qoob loo tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no.

Loj hlob marjoram

Marjoram hauv lub vaj

Peb ntau yam yog zoned nyob rau hauv Russia: Lakomka, Skandi thiab Tushinsky Semko.

Raws li biology ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, marjoram muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev sib tw cua. Nws yog cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv av tom qab kev cog qoob loo, ua tib zoo sau qoob loo uas tsis pub cov av tawm ntawm cov nroj. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau qhov kev siv tshuaj ntawm cov organic chiv feem ntau tau thov nyob rau hauv lawv. Rau lub ntsiab av cog qoob loo nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg los yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, ib qho kev ua tiav pob zeb hauv av chiv yog siv rau tus nqi ntawm 1 m?: Nitrophosphate lossis ammonium nitrate lossis urea 15-20 g, superphosphate - 25-30 g, poov tshuaj chiv - 15-20 g Ua ntej cog cov noob, ntxiv 10-15 g ntawm nitrogen chiv.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm Central Thaj Chaw thiab North-West ntawm Russia, marjoram yog tsuas yog loj hlob los ntawm cov qauv kev cog, nyob rau sab qab teb - los ntawm sowing noob hauv av. Kev cog noob yog cog hauv tsev ntsuab lossis hotbeds. Amateur gardeners feem ntau loj hlob seedlings on zoo-zes, sov windowsill. Yuav kom tau txais cov ntoo siab zoo, cov noob tau sown thaum xaus lub Peb Hlis - nrab-Plaub Hlis ncaj qha hauv cov ntsuas ntsuas 5X5 cm, 2-3 cov noob ib qho, lossis hauv cov thawv sowing nrog xaiv tom qab. Kev siv noob rau ib 1 m? thaj tsam cog 0.01-0.03 g. Thaum tseb cov noob, koj tsis tuaj yeem npog cov noob nrog av, tsuas yog maj mam nias tawm tsam nws, npog nrog zaj duab xis nyob saum toj thiab saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ya raws.

Nroj tsuag cog rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov tom qab kev hem thawj rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav dhau los. Cov txheej txheem cog ntawm cov noob yog 60 (70) x10 (15) cm. Kev cog cov noob yog nqa nrog kev nteg dej ua ntej ntawm lub qhov (hauv av nkos), tom qab ntawd ua rau lawv cov av qhuav. Sowing nyob rau sab qab teb nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av yog nqa tawm nrog tib deb ntawm kab. Rau txawm sowing, lub noob yog premixed nrog xuab zeb. Yav tom ntej, cov noob yub me me tawm mus, tawm qhov deb hauv kab ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm 10-15 cm. Yav tom ntej, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag marjoram muaj peb mus rau plaub kab nruab nrab xoob thiab ntau cov nroj hauv kab. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua li ntawm 5-6 qhov dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pib sau qoob, thaum Lub Rau Hli yog qhuav. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis zoo los ua ke 1-2 dej tso nrog fertilizing nrog nitrogen chiv (10-15 g ib 1 m2) lossis pre-fertilize nrog slurry (1: 3).

Koj tuaj yeem loj hlob marjoram hauv tsev ntsuab, hotbeds thiab saum cov lawj.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo ntawm marjoram qee zaum cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob fungal - Alternaria. Muaj ntsis tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, cog ntoo nres. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog huab cua noo lossis cog tuab heev. Marjoram npauj, lossis theej nws cov viav vias, noj nplooj nyob rau sab qab teb, gnawing qhov. Cov nroj tsuag marjoram tau sau, txiav lawv thawj zaug ua ntej pib ntawm lub qhov siab txog 5 cm los ntawm cov av saum npoo av, zaum ob - thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ua ntej qhov pib ntawm thawj lub caij nplooj zeeg huab cua qis li tsawg li sai tau rau hauv av. Lub marjoram yog khi nyob rau hauv bunches thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo-nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.

Tom qab ziab, cov buds thiab nplooj yog threshed, hauv av rau hmoov thiab khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv kaw. Marjoram khaws nws cov aroma rau lub sijhawm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muab cia rau hauv hermetically kaw lub khob iav.

Kho mob siv

Marjoram

Marjoram muaj qhov ua kom tawv muag thiab ua kom sov, txhawb kev qab los noj mov, txhim kho kev zom zaub mov, ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog, muaj cov nyhuv diuretic me me, ua rau tsis muaj zog, thiab txhim kho lub cev ntas. Nws pab nrog kev poob siab mob khaub thuas thiab mob khaub thuas. Hauv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog siv los ua ntsev hloov kho thiab ua kom lub plab muaj zog. Marjoram Txoj kev lis ntshav yog siv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsws thiab lub plab zom mov. Hauv pej xeem tshuaj, nws yog siv los ua tonic thiab anti-catarrhal, antispastic, anti-inflammatory thiab tonic (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm decoction thiab tincture); nrog neurasthenia, tuag tes tuag taw, tuag tes tuag taw, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, mob hawb pob, los ntswg (xws li tshuaj ntxiv); nrog varicose leeg, rheumatism, gout (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rubbing nrog marjoram roj);rau cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov (tshwj xeeb yog hauv cov menyuam yaus), nrog los ntawm tsam plab, mob plab, raws plab, nrog rau ntau yam da dej thiab kho qhov txhab.

Nrov, qhuav cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm marjoram, sau ua ntej pib tawg paj, yog siv los ua tus kab mob antispasmodic thiab antiseptic rau tus neeg mob gastritis nrog cov kua qaub qis ntawm lub plab, rau cov mob cholecystitis, enteritis, nrog rau cov tonic multivitamin, tus neeg sawv cev antiscorbutic. Cov tshuaj ntsuab infusion qhia rau insomnia, mob taub hau, hnoos nrog hnoos qeev, ntuav thiab mob plab. Tshiab tws marjoram tshuaj ntsuab yog siv rau daim tawv nqaij hu ua hmo ntuj.

Kho mob infusion ntawm marjoram yog npaum li cas 1/4 khob plaub zaug ib hnub 5 feeb ua ntej noj mov (4 teaspoons ntawm tws tshuaj ntsuab yog nchuav nrog ib khob ntawm dej npau, khaws cia rau 15 feeb thiab lim).

Daim ntaub ntawv ua noj ua haus

Tam sim no, marjoram yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam siv tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum siv nrog ceev faj, ntawm txoj cai sib npaug, uas yuav tsum muaj qee qhov sim thiab ntsuas. Marjoram yog cov nyiam txuj lom ntawm Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian thiab Slovak thiab lwm yam European cuisines. Raws li cov txuj lom, nplooj thiab cov paj paj tau siv tshiab tshiab, toasted thiab qhuav (hauv hom ntawm hmoov los ntawm nplooj). Maj mam ci cov tshuaj ntsuab ua ntej siv txhim kho lawv cov saj.

Marjoram noj tau li cov khoom noj rau ntau cov tais diav. Cov tshuaj tsw qab vinegar tau los ntawm nws. Cov lus vinegar, infused rau 5-7 hnub ntawm nplooj marjoram, acquires lub qab ntxiag. Ob peb tee ntawm no ntxhiab vinegar ntxiv rau zaub xam lav lossis vinaigrette yuav muab cov tshuaj tsw qab rau lawv. Lawv siv marjoram rau kev ua cov nqaij kua zaub, daim siab ua haujlwm, thiab rau kib nqaij qaib thiab menyuam yaj. Nws tseem tsim nyog rau ua noj ua haus legumes, tripe kua zaub thiab qee cov cheeses. Raws li cov txuj lom, marjoram nplooj ntxiv rau ntau cov zaub nyoos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntses. Marjoram yog siv los tsw qab puddings, kvass, jelly, compote, tshuaj yej, zaub mov kaus poom. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv kev npaj ntawm qab zib rhubarb thiab txiv apples qhuav.

Marjoram ntsuab tua yog siv los tsw pickles. Cov hmoov nplej marjoram tuaj yeem tsw rau cov nqaij minced, nqaij pob, dumplings, ntses, zaub, qe zaub mov, thiab cov tais diav. Marjoram yog ib qho zoo heev seasoning rau daim siab pate, thaum hloov cov kua txob dub. Marjoram kuj tseem siv rau pickling cucumbers thiab txiv lws suav.

Kuj nyeem:

Oregano, oregano, marjoram …