Leonid Alekseevich Kolesnikov - Tus Kws Yug Tsiaj Ntawm Lilacs

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Huab tais ntawm lub Lilac Kingdom

Ntawm cov lilac yug tsiaj, nws lub npe paub dhau deb dhau ciam teb ntawm peb lub tebchaws.

Tsis yog ib tus neeg Lavxias lossis neeg yug menyuam txawv tebchaws tau tsim muaj cov lej ntawm ntau haiv neeg lilacs (tshwj tsis yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov npe nrov ntawm cov neeg muaj npe ntawm Fabkis ntawm cov tsiaj ua yug tsiaj Lemoine). Lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, tus phab ej ntawm tsab xov xwm yuav muaj hnub nyoog 120 xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, hauv nws lub neej, Leonid Alekseevich tsim ntau dua 300 ntau yam ntawm lilac unsurpassed hauv kev zoo nkauj, tab sis tsuas yog hais txog 50-60 ntawm lawv tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus siab mus ib txhis thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ntawm peb cov thawj coj.

Nws cov lilac ntau yam sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me thiab cov cwj pwm ntawm lub tsob ntoo, lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawg paj (txij thaum ntxov txog qhov kawg), qhov loj me, cov duab, qib ntawm ob npaug (los ntawm plaub qhov nplaim paj rau tuab ob npaug), aroma thiab xim paj dawb, ntau yam duab ntxoov ntxoo, xiav, lilac, ntshav, magenta, ntshav, feem ntau muaj ntau yam xim hloov xim thiab sib txuas, hloov xim maj mam), qhov loj me, cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov inflorescences.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Tej zaum qhov txawv tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim ntawm lawv yog cov ntau yam "chameleon" Ntuj ntawm Moscow ", uas belongs rau peb pab pawg xim ib zaug, txij li ib nrab-tso nws ob lub paj yog ntom lilac nrog lub paj yeeb tint, hauv lub xeev tawg paj lawv bluish-liab doog, thaum tawg paj - whitish -blue.

Leonid Alekseevich yug thaum lub sijhawm lilac tawg - nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 18, 1893 hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg tsim txiaj ntawm lub nroog Moscow, tus tswv lag luam Alexei Semenovich Kolesnikov thiab tau los ua tus menyuam thib tsib hauv tsev neeg. Tus me tshaj plaws, ib yam li nws cov kwv tij thiab cov muam tau txais txoj kev kawm zoo: nws tau kawm tiav los ntawm pawg tub rog thiab tsev kawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam hauv Moscow Lub Chaw Haujlwm.

Tab sis xyoo 1914 Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau pib, thiab Leonid tau mus rau pem hauv ntej yog tus neeg tsav tsheb. Tag nrho nws cov kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv tau cuam tshuam nrog tsheb: tom qab kev ua tsov rog, nws ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho tsheb, tsav tsheb, lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb. Qee tus sau phau ntawv sau hais tias ib zaug nws yog tus neeg tsav tus kheej ntawm Marshal G. K. Zhukov, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no tseem tsis tau pom.

Tsoomfwv Soviet tau nqis tawm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv los ntawm Kolesnikovs. Muaj tseeb, Leonid Alekseevich muaj hmoo: nws tau sab laug nrog lub tsev muab los ntawm nws niam hauv Vsekhsvyatskoye, uas twb nyob hauv 1917 tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Moscow (tam sim no nws yog Sokol koog tsev kawm ntawv). Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, thaj av ntawm thaj av ntawm lub tsev tau raug txo qis ntau zaus.

Xyoo 1919, lub sijhawm lilac pib nyob rau lub neej 25-xyoo-laus-Leonid Alekseevich: xyoo no nws cog nws thawj lilac hav zoov. Thiab twb tau plaub xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv nws sau muaj ntau tshaj ib puas ntau yam thiab hom ntawm no shrub. Feem ntau nws yog lilac xaiv cov npe nrov hauv Fabkis tsev neeg chaw zov me nyuam Lemoine.

Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom

Kittens rau Cov Muag Khoom Siv Cov Khw Muag Taw Plaub rau muag

Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws sau ntawm lilacs hauv tag nrho cov tebchaws Soviet. Tam sim no no varietal lilac tuaj yeem yuav tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem hauv vaj hauv tsev, hauv kev ua yeeb yam, khw, hauv khw muag khoom online, lossis xaj xa ntawv. Thiab Leonid Alekseevich yuav tsum tshawb txog thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw uas raug tso tseg.

Rescuing los ntawm oblivion, nws tau khawb tawm varietal lilac bushes thiab cog rau lawv ntawm nws qhov chaw, tsim cov npe ntawm ntau yam raws li cov lus piav qhia hauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ua ntej. Tsis ntev L. A. Kolesnikov pib lilacs yug me nyuam. Thawj cov paj ntoo tawg tas lawm hauv xyoo 1923. Ntawm lawv, nws singled tawm ob qho zoo tshaj plaws, uas tom qab los ua cov hom "Pioneer" thiab "Dzhambul". Qhov tom kawg yog qhov txaus siab hauv qhov ntawd nws yog lub ntiaj teb thawj cov lilacs nrog cov nplaim paj nplaim dawb.

Thaum xaus xyoo 1939, Leonid Alekseevich tau tsim kev tsim ua tsov rog nrog Finland, thiab tom qab ntawd Great Patriotic War pib … Xyoo 1941, thaum Nazis foob pob lub nroog Moscow, ib lub plhaub tau tawg hauv L. A. lub vaj. Kolesnikov, rhuav tshem tus naj npawb ntawm cov tseem ceeb yub thiab rhuav tshem qee qhov ntawm tsob ntoo varietal lilacs, suav nrog cov bred los ntawm Leonid Alekseevich nyob rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm ob qho kev tsov rog.

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws txuas ntxiv nws cov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsav tsheb, thiab tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb ua haujlwm hauv vaj, saib xyuas, yug me nyuam lilac bushes thiab yug cov nroj tsuag no. Nws tau mob siab rau ntau ntau yam rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Great Patriotic War: "Marshal Zhukov", "Marshal Vasilevsky", "General Vatutin", "Alexander Matrosov", "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya", "Liza Chaikina", "Polina Osipenko", "Spring Xyoo 1942 "," Tus Tiv Thaiv ntawm Brest "," Partizan "," Molodogvardeytsy "," Hnub Yeej "thiab lwm tus.

Lilac "Kev Zoo Nkauj Moscow"

Ntawm kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv yog peb ntau yam ntawm lilacs mob siab rau cov tub rog tsav dav hlau: "Aleksey Maresyev" nrog paj ob zaug paj nrog lub ntsej muag xiav, "Tus Thawj Tub Rog Gastello", uas kuj muaj cov paj dawb ob npaug, tab sis nrog ntshav tint, thiab "Valentina Grizodubova "nrog liab dawb ob lub paj …

Cov nplaim paj ntawm tag nrho peb ntawm cov hom paj tawg paj no tau nkhaus zoo li lub ntsej muag ntawm lub dav hlau kiv cua, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj thiab tshwj xeeb hauv lawv txoj kev.

Txog rau 800 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias lub peev hauv xyoo 1947, Leonid Alekseevich tau mob siab rau nws cov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws - lub npe nrov thiab lus qub "Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Moscow" (thoob ntiaj teb lub npe "Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Moscow"). Ntau tus neeg hauv thiab txawv teb chaws lilac cov neeg nyiam thiab cov kws tshaj lij xav txog qhov ntev-blooming ntau yam raws li kev xaiv thoob ntiaj teb, tus naj npawb ib lilac nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.

L. A. vaj Kolesnikov ntawm Sokol yog ib txwm (txawm tias thaum muaj tsov rog) qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Nov yog ib qhov ntawm ntau cov lus teb. Nws tus kws sau ntawv yog tus kws sau A. N. Tolstoy: “Koj tsim kev zoo nkauj, Leonid Alekseevich - cov haujlwm dab tsi siab dua thiab siab dua li ntawd! Kuv paub tseeb tias cov vaj nyob ze Moscow yuav tshuav koj txoj kev vam meej tshiab. Txog rau hnub no, Kuv xav tias lilacs yog lilacs, hnub no kuv pom lub vaj lilac zoo heev. Ua koj tsaug.

Npog ntawm L. A. Kolesnikov phau ntawv "Lilac"

Qhov zoo siab, ntxiv rau txog 5,000 lilac cov ntoo hauv hav zoov, ntau tshaj 100 ntau yam ntawm roses, daffodils, tulips, peonies, irises, lilies, chubushniki, gladioli (suav nrog xaiv Leonid Alekseevich nws tus kheej), kua ntoo, txiv ntoo qab zib, plums thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag loj hlob hauv lub vaj no - tsuas yog li 15,000 daim ntawv luam xwb.

Xyoo 1952, Leonid Alekseevich tau txais Stalin nqi zog "rau kev yug me nyuam coob ntawm cov ntau yam tshiab ntawm lilac" - qhov no yog cov lus raug. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws cov ntawv me 52-nplooj nrog lub npe laconic "Lilac" tau luam tawm hauv lub tsev tshaj tawm "Moskovsky Rabochy".

Nws qhia cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ua liaj ua teb thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lilacs thiab lawv kev yug me nyuam, muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev ua kom yug me nyuam nrog cov qoob loo zoo nkauj zoo nkauj no. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib qho kev sim zes qe menyuam rau lilacs. Xyoo 1954 L. A. Kolesnikov tau raug tsa los ua tus saib xyuas cov cuab yeej kho mob no, thiab ob xyoos tom qab - nws tus thawj coj. Ib qho chaw rau cov chaw zov me nyuam tau faib nyob ze thaj av Moscow - lub zos ntawm Kaloshino (tam sim no nws yog Northern Izmailovo koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow).

Txhua lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov lus tshaj tawm mus xyuas Kaloshin chaw zov me nyuam, zoo ib yam li lub vaj ntawm Sokol ua ntej, tawg tawm ntawm cov paj lilacs thiab nyiag cov xeb tag nrho. Kev tsim tsa ntawm lub nroog loj zuj zus kuj pib mus rau hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam. Nws tau txais mus rau lub ntsiab lus hais tias muaj ib hnub tsheb laij teb tsav tsheb mus dhau lub vaj, tsoo ntau tus paj ntoo.

Khij los ntawm T. L. Kolesnikova "Lilac"

Ib qho kev hem thawj ntawm kev rhuav tshem tawm tau dai rau lub chaw tu menyuam yaus … Sim ua kom txuag txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej, Leonid Alekseevich tau sau ntawv rau cov thawj coj, mus rau tub ceev xwm, tab sis thaum kawg tau xa mus so. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txawm li cas los tiv thaiv hoob zov cov me nyuam me, txawm li cas los xij, ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws lub neej: thaum Lub Ib Hlis 28, 1968 L. A. Kolesnikov tuag los ntawm lub plawv nres thiab raug coj mus faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Vagankovsky.

Xyoo 1973, International Lilac Society rau kev ua haujlwm hauv kev xaiv thiab txhawb nqa ntawm lub vaj kab lis kev cai no posthumously muab L. A. Kolesnikov "Lub Golden ceg ntawm Lilac". Thiab xyoo 1975, Kaloshinsky chaw zov me nyuam tau rov kho dua rau hauv Lilac Garden, uas tseem muaj (koj yuav kawm ntxiv txog nws hauv ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem nram qab no ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm).

Twb tom qab kev tuag ntawm Leonid Alekseevich nyob rau hauv Kaloshin chaw zov me nyuam, qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, kav ntev thiab profusely blooming, loj (3 cm inch), ntshiab dawb, ob lub paj zoo li cov paj me me nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab muaj lub qab ntxiag tsw tau cais tawm ntawm yub nws tau txais. Xyoo 1974 cov yub no tau dhau los ua ntau yam "Hauv Kev Nco ntawm Kolesnikov".

Alexey Antsiferov, tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev kawm ua qoob loo