Cov Ntsiab Lus Ntawm Cov Ntxhia Hauv Cov Khoom Noj Ntawm Cov Nroj Tsuag

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov

Cov zaub mov pob zeb hauv av yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub physiology ntawm ib tsob nroj, vim tias muaj txaus cov khoom hauv cov ntxhia tau yooj yim tsuas yog tsim nyog rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Nroj tsuag, ntxiv rau kev hlub thiab saib xyuas, yuav tsum muaj: oxygen, dej, carbon dioxide, nitrogen thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem (ntau dua 10) ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb uas ua haujlwm ua cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab muaj sia.

Cov ntxhia hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem cog ntoo, catalysts rau ntau qhov kev tawm tsam, cov tswj hwm ntawm osmotic siab, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab tsis, thiab cov tswj ntawm membrane permeability.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Piv txwv ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov zaub mov ua cov pov thawj ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov ntoo yog calcium hauv phab ntsa cell, magnesium hauv chlorophyll lwg me me, cov leej faj hauv qee yam cov protein, thiab phosphorus hauv phospholipids thiab nucleoproteins. Raws li rau nitrogen, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog koom nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb, nws feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lawv tus naj npawb, hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ib zaug ntxiv ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein.

Qee lub ntsiab, piv txwv, xws li hlau, tooj, zinc, yuav tsum muaj cov koob tshuaj micro, tab sis cov peev txheej me me no kuj tsim nyog, vim lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg neeg cog lus lossis coenzymes ntawm qee lub tshuab enzyme. Muaj ntau tus lej ntawm cov (boron, tooj liab, zinc) uas yog cov tshuaj lom rau cov nroj tsuag hauv thaj tsam ntau dua. Lawv cov kev mob toxicity yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov kab mob enzyme ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm muab cov nroj tsuag nrog cov zaub mov tsis txaus ntxhia tau ntev tau txaus siab rau kev cog qoob loo thiab yog qhov taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob zoo thiab, yog li ntawd, cov qoob loo zoo thiab ruaj khov.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntau yam, nws tau tsim hais tias ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm Mendeleev lub sijhawm ua haujlwm muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab nws yog qhov muaj peev xwm hais tias ib qho keeb hauv cov av tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Piv txwv li, ntau tshaj 27 yam (!) Tau pom nyob hauv qee qhov qauv ntawm Weymouth ntoo thuv. Nws ntseeg tau tias tsis yog txhua yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob hauv lawv yog qhov tsim nyog rau lawv.

Piv txwv, cov khoom siv xws li platinum, tin, nyiaj, aluminium, silicon thiab sodium tsis suav tias yog tsim nyog. Txog cov khoom muaj ntxhia tsim nyog, nws yog kev coj noj coj ua uas nyob rau qhov tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv lub neej kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom xyaw uas tsim nyog.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj ntxhia ntxhia

Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus tau coj ntawm cov nroj tsuag herbaceous, txij li lawv cov kev ua neej yog qhov uas lawv tuaj yeem kawm hauv lub sijhawm luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev sim tau coj ntawm cov txiv ntoo thiab txawm tias hav zoov yub. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb no, nws pom tau tias ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv ob tsob ntoo ntsuab thiab ntoo ua tib lub luag haujlwm.

Nitrogen. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm nitrogen yog paub zoo tias yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov amino acids - cov neeg tsim protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, nitrogen muaj nyob hauv ntau lwm cov tebchaw, xws li purines, alkaloids, enzymes, kev tswj hwm kev loj hlob, chlorophyll, thiab txawm tias nyob hauv cov cell ua ke. Nrog rau tsis muaj nitrogen, cov synthesis ntawm cov nyiaj ib txwm los ntawm chlorophyll yog maj maj cuam tshuam, vim qhov ntawd, nrog nws cov huab tsis txaus, chlorosis ntawm ob leeg laus dua thiab nplooj tseem loj hlob.

Phus Thas. Lub caij no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nucleoproteins thiab phospholipids. Phosphorus yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau vim yog cov ntawv loj macroenergetic ntawm cov pab pawg phosphate, uas ua tus neeg sib kho tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov chaw ntawm lub zog hauv cov nroj tsuag. Phosphorus yog pom nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si inorganic thiab organic. Nws yooj yim tsiv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thaj, hauv ob hom. Tsis muaj phosphorus feem ntau cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo me me thaum tsis muaj cov tsos mob.

Qab Zib. Cov organic cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov poov tshuaj tsis tau paub txog kev tshawb fawb, tab sis cov nroj tsuag xav tau ib tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig txaus ntawm nws, thaj, rau kev ua si ntawm cov enzymes. Qhov tseeb nthuav tawm yog tias cov nroj tsuag hlwb sib txawv ntawm cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium. Ntxiv mus, sodium tsis tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho los ntawm cov poov tshuaj. Nws feem ntau lees txais tias potassium ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas osmotic hauv kev qhib thiab kaw ntawm stomata. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov poov tshuaj hauv cov nroj tsuag tau txawb heev, thiab nws qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam kev txav ntawm cov khoom noj carbohydrates thiab nitrogen metabolism, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim no yog ntau dua li ncaj qha.

Tub Lauj. Cov keeb no yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cystine, cysteine thiab lwm cov amino acids, biotin, thiamine, coenzyme A thiab ntau lwm cov tebchaw uas yog pawg sulfhydryl. Yog tias peb piv cov leej faj nrog nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium, tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tsawg dua txawb. Tsis muaj leej faj ua rau chlorosis thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein biosynthesis, uas feem ntau ua rau kev txuam nrog cov amino acids.

Tshuaj calcium. Cov tshuaj calcium tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau hauv cov xovtooj ntawm tes, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm calcium pectate, uas feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam qhov elasticity ntawm phab ntsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau koom nrog hauv metabolism metabolism los ntawm kev ua kom muaj ntau lub enzymes, suav nrog amylase. Cov tshuaj calcium me me yuav txawb yooj yim. Qhov tsis muaj calcium raug pom nyob rau hauv thaj chaw meristematic ntawm lub hauv paus lus, thiab ntau dhau lawm ntau hauv kev tsim cov calcium oxylate muaju hauv cov nplooj thiab lignified cov ntaub so ntswg.

Hlau nplaum. Nws yog ib feem ntawm chlorophyll molecule thiab koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus lej enzyme, koom nrog kev saib xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm ribosomes thiab txav tau yooj yim. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj magnesium, chlorosis feem ntau pom.

Hlau. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau nyob hauv chloroplasts, qhov uas nws koom nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein, thiab tseem muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov pa ua pa, piv txwv li, xws li peroxidase, catalase, ferredoxin, thiab cytochrome oxidase. Hlau yog tus mob sib pauv, uas pab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm hlau tsis muaj peev xwm.

Mangas Yaj. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ua ke ntawm chlorophyll, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob enzyme thiab, tej zaum, cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj cov hlau. Manganese yog qhov sib txawv txav thiab lom, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj ntawm qee tsob ntoo cov qoob loo feem ntau txuas rau theem kev lom. Manganese deficiency feem ntau ua rau nplooj deformation thiab tsim cov chlorotic lossis tuag me ntsis.

Zinc. Cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm carbonic anhydrase. Zinc, txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg, muaj tshuaj lom rau ntau, thiab nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau nplooj deformations.

Tooj liab. Tooj liab yog txheej txheem ntawm ntau cov enzymes, suav nrog ascorbinotoxidase thiab tyrosinase. Nroj tsuag feem ntau xav tau me me ntawm tooj liab, cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov uas muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tsis muaj nws ua rau cov ntoo qhuav.

Bor. Lub caij, nrog rau tooj liab, yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag hauv cov khoom me me. Feem ntau yuav, boron yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txav ntawm cov piam thaj, thiab nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tuag ntawm apical meristems.

Molybdenum. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag hauv kev tsis saib xyuas zoo, yog ib feem ntawm nitrate reductase enzyme system thiab feem ntau yuav ua lwm yam haujlwm. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm yog qhov tsawg, tab sis yog tias nws muaj tam sim no, nitrogen fixation hauv hiav txwv buckthorn yuav poob qis.

Tshuaj Ntsooj. Nws lub luag haujlwm tau kawm me ntsis; pom meej, nws muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv kev sib cais ntawm cov dej thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis.

Cov tsos mob tsis muaj ntxhia

Qhov tsis muaj cov zaub mov me me ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem biochemical thiab physiological, uas ua rau kev hloov morphological. Feem ntau, vim tsis muaj peev xwm, kev tsuj tawm ntawm kev loj hlob tua tau pom. Lawv qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws pom tau yog yellowing ntawm nplooj, uas, nyeg, yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev txo qis hauv chlorophyll biosynthesis. Raws li kev soj ntsuam, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias qhov feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntoo yog cov nplooj: lawv txo qhov loj me, cov qauv thiab cov qauv, cov xim ploj, thaj chaw tuag yog tsim nyob rau ntawm cov lus qhia, ntug lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg loj, thiab qee zaus cov nplooj tau sau nyob hauv cov pob noob lossis cov rosettes.

Piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis muaj ntau yam nyob hauv tus lej ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab.

Tsis muaj nitrogen feem ntau cuam tshuam qhov loj thiab xim ntawm nplooj. Hauv lawv, chlorophyll cov ntsiab lus tsawg zuj zus thiab cov xim tawv ntsuab ploj, thiab cov nplooj tig lub teeb ntsuab, txiv kab ntxwv, xim liab lossis ntshav. Cov nplooj petioles thiab lawv cov leeg ua liab ploog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov loj me ntawm nplooj nplooj txo. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm petiole mus rau tua ua ntse. Thaum ntxov lub caij nplooj zeeg lub caij nplooj zeeg yog sau tseg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob qis ib txhij nrog lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tua.

Cov yub tig xim av-liab thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me thiab ci xim. Cais, nws tsim nyog teev cov txiv pos nphuab, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj nitrogen ua rau tsis muaj zog whisker tsim, liab thiab xim daj thaum ntxov ntawm nplooj qub. Tab sis qhov nplua mais ntawm nitrogen tseem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov nroj tsuag, ua rau ntau dhau ntawm cov nplooj, lawv cov noo, tsaus ntsuab ntsuab xim thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov xim tsis muaj zog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv qhov kev ua txhaum thaum ntxov thiab kev cia tsis zoo. Qhov taw qhia tsob ntoo rau qhov tsis muaj nitrogen yog lub txiv ntoo.

Txuas ntxiv nyeem qhov xaus Mineral tshaib plab ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo →