Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Huv Cov Txiv Hmab Cog Khoom

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Nyeem ntu yav dhau los. ← Ua thiab pruning txiv hmap hav zoov

Yuav ua li cas disinfect ib tug grape noob? Alas, nrog kev pab ntawm tib cov tshuaj tua kab, yog tias koj tseem tau txais cov khoom cog ntawm cov khoom dub tsis zoo. Thiab yog tias koj tsis xav nqa cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag nrog rau cov khoom siv cog, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tua kab kom tsis txhob siv lawv twb tau siv rau ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Rau lub hom phiaj no, fumigation yog nqa tawm (los ntawm Latin fumigatio - fumigation), raws li txoj cai, nrog kev pab ntawm fungicides thiab tshuaj tua kab. Tab sis qhov no tsis tas fumigation ua ib txwm muaj. Txog kev txiav, koj tuaj yeem siv cov av nplaum mash nrog lub qab zib kom sib xws, uas yog cov tshuaj tua kab sib xyaw ntxiv, piv txwv li, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov hauv paus thiab rogor (Bi-58).

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nqa cov phylloxer (raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm Prof. PP Radchevsky), cov yub tau xub muab dej rau ib hnub lossis ob zaug hauv dej hauv chav sov, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv khaws cia rau hauv hnab polyethylene rau 3-4 hnub kom ua kom muaj zog cov tshuaj tua kab. Tom qab ntawd, cov yub me me ua tiav nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm qee cov kab mob organophosphate thiab muab khaws cia dua rau ib hnub, dua hauv hnab yas. Koj tuaj yeem siv Bi-58 tshiab (30 g ib 10 l dej), actellik (30 ml ib 10 l dej). Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho lub cuttings nrog 5% daws ntawm ferrous sulfate ua ntej cog, thiab txawm tias 10% kev daws ntawm cov compound no yog siv los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm anthracnose.

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev rho tawm cov noob txiv kab ntxwv yog fumigation nrog cov leej faj dioxide, uas tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov xim colloidal leej faj. Cov nyom no tau muab tso rau sab hauv tsev (lossis hauv tsev cog khoom, tab sis ntawm qee qhov nce ntawm cov av). Rau 1 cubic metre ntawm qhov chaw, noj 50-100 g ntawm leej faj, teeb nws rau hluav taws, muaj yav tas los txiav nws ntawm cov tais hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd fumigate rau 30 mus rau 50 feeb, tom qab uas chav tsev yog qhov cua. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hlawv cov leej faj, cov pa roj lom yog tsim - sulfur dioxide, uas yog cov tshuaj tua tau zoo, rhuav tshem cov kab phem tib lub sijhawm. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias sulfur dioxide yog lom rau ob tus tib neeg thiab tsiaj, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov pa tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag lossis rau hauv qhov ua pa.

Raws li qhov chaw nres tsheb protivophylloxera, txoj hauv kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm chamber fumigation ntawm cog cog cov khoom siv nrog kev siv cov methyl bromide thiab fumigant fostoxin ntawm qhov kub ntawm huab cua ntawm +1 txog +10 degrees, i.e. thaum cov kab tsuag tseem nyob rau theem hibernating (hlaws qe, qe ntawm tus thawj lub cev yog neeg tawm rooj). Hibernating phylloxera qe ntawm ntau hom keeb kwm Asmeskas yog txuas ncaj qha rau hauv kev tua nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tua, yog li Asmeskas hom yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm kev qhia txog kab tsuag. Yog li ntawd, cuttings ntawm xws li ntau yam yuav tsum tau ntau ceev faj kev.

Cov hau kev siv los ntawm biotechnology

Yuav kom tau txais cov nroj tsuag tsis huv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, hauv chaw soj nstuam rau microclonal kev ua me nyuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj yog siv - sterilizers, nrog kev pab ntawm ntau yam kabmob lossis lawv qhov chaw (nplooj, petioles, apical (piv txwv li, apical) meristems) tau ua hauv kev txhawm rau rhuav tshem fungal thiab kab mob kis. Ib txwm siv, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv cog hauv tsev sim rau micropropagation ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tsuas yog qee tus, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov uas tau muab hauv qab no thiab tuaj yeem siv tau.

Hauv kuv xyaum, rau kom tsis muaj menyuam hauv chav kuaj mob (lignified thiab nplooj txiv kab ntxwv ntsuab txiav), Kuv tau siv ntau yam tshuaj - cov tsis huv, xws li, piv txwv li, cov tshuaj sulfuric acid, ethyl cawv, kua tshuaj mercury thiab chlorine-npaj muaj. Yog lawm, kev siv cov tshuaj txaus ntshai li sulfuric acid lossis kua hlau mercury yog txwv tsis pub, tab sis cov khoom sib xyaw me thiab tsis txaus ntshai xws li tshuaj dawb hauv tsev los yog cawv lom cawv kuj tsis raug txwv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj antiseptic thiab tshuaj tua kab mob zoo.

Yuav ua li cas tuaj yeem cog cov khoom cog rau cov tshuaj tua kab nrog cov txhais tau tias? Qhov no yuav tsum muaj 70% cawv thiab kua tshuaj 7-10%. Cov tshuaj chlorine yog calcium hypochlorite. Txhawm rau Npaj 70% cawv, noj 700 g ntshiab ethyl cawv thiab 300 g dej. Txhawm rau los npaj cov tshuaj ntawm tshuaj ntxau, yuav tsum siv li 70 mus rau 100 g ntawm yeeb tshuaj ib lim dej. Lub sijhawm ua cawv rau hauv cawv yog los ntawm ib feeb mus rau tsib, thiab tshuaj dawb nws tau khaws cia los ntawm 10 feeb txog ib nrab ib teev. Tom qab khaws cov txiav hauv cov kev daws teeb meem no, lawv tau muab ntxuav kom huv hauv qab cov dej ntws thiab tom qab ntawd cog rau hauv av. Cov nplais mam li hloov kho.

Txhawm rau ntxuav cov khoom siv, koj kuj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj ntxuav kom tsis tu ncua - "Whiteness", uas yog sodium hypochlorite. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "whiteness" thiab cov tshuaj ua kom dawb yog raws li kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab nws cov dej hla los ntawm txhua cov nroj tsuag. Thaum lub sijhawm tso cai, chlorine tua cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tebchaw saum toj saud, koj kuj tuaj yeem siv hydrogen peroxide. Lub sijhawm raug rau hauv nws yog kwv yees li tsib feeb.

Tom qab kis tus kab mob rau cov kev daws teeb meem, cov nroj tsuag tau muab ntxuav kom huv hauv dej ntws.

Koj tuaj yeem siv tau cov tshuaj ua kom tiav cov tshuaj chlorine uas muaj cov dej qab zib hu ua sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 97% (ntim hauv 100 g txhua) (NaDCC - DichloroisocyanuricAcid, Sodium ntsev). Txhawm rau kev rho tawm ntawm cov khoom cog (suav nrog ntsuab txiav thiab yub), feem ntau noj 5 grams ntawm cov tshuaj no rau 1 liter dej (rau ntev txiav thiab yub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj 75 g ib 15 liv dej). Cov tshuaj yog soluble kiag li hauv dej, tsis muaj nag lossis daus. Lub caij nyoog zoo rau kev txiav yog 10-15 feeb. Cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev (txog li ib xyoos) hauv lub khob kaw ntom ntom, zoo dua nrog lub hauv av nres. Cov tshuaj muaj muag hauv cov ntawv hauv ncoo, uas ua rau nws siv yooj yim heev.

Disinfection ntawm ntsuab (vegetative) seedlings

Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus neeg muag khoom muag lawv cov khoom hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thawv cog cov khoom noj kom loj ntxiv. Lawm, qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab yooj yim dua rau tus muag, vim tias cov khoom muag tuaj yeem muag thoob plaws hauv lub caij cog qoob loo - txij caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus txog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb no cov khoom cog uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tshaj plaws rau lub vaj, vim tias cov noob zoo li no nyuaj rau neutralize los ntawm cov kab tsuag, thiab tseem muaj ntau dua los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob. Hauv qhov no, cov yub raug tso tawm los ntawm cov txheej hauv qab uas lawv tau nyob, lub hauv paus system tau ntxuav nrog dej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov yub tag nrho tau tso rau hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm qee cov organophosphate tshuaj tua kab, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv muab tso rau hauv cov yas kaw kom nruj hnab. Txoj haujlwm no tsis tuaj yeem nqa ntawm thaj chaw uas cog ntoo kom cog,yog li kom tsis txhob qhia cov kab tsuag nrog cov av lossis ntawm khaub ncaws.

Nyeem tshooj txuas ntxiv. Li cas xaiv cov txiv hmab ntau →