Buckwheat Nyob Rau Hauv Vaj

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Groats, melliferous, ornamental thiab ntsuab chiv cov qoob loo hauv peb lub vaj

Ib cov paj lug Lavxias hais tias: "Ncuav pob tawb porwheat yog peb niam, thiab rye loaf yog peb txiv uas peb hlub." Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom hais ntau yam ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo rau tus neeg Lavxias.

Buckwheat muaj qhov nruab nrab nce txog 14% protein, 77% hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tshaj 3% cov rog rog, 2.4% tshauv hauv cov nplej. Buckwheat nyiam dua rau cov pob kws thiab lwm cov zaub mov rau cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txuam nrog kev muaj feem ntau ntawm cov hlau, phosphorus, calcium thiab tooj liab, nrog rau cov organic acids (citric, oxalic, malic) thiab B vitamins. qee hom khob cij, confectionery, hauv hom tshwj xeeb ntawm vermicelli. Buckwheat ceg yog zoo mloog zoo rau npua thiab qaib.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Buckwheat straw tau pub rau tsiaj kom paub nrog kev paub txog kev ceev faj, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau khaus tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau hauv cov tsiaj. Rutin muaj vitamin PP yog rho tawm los ntawm nplooj buckwheat.

Cov vitamin no muaj cov kev kho kom zoo thiab siv rau cov teeb meem tom qab xoo hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm hauv kev ua txhaum vascular permeability tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv cov ntshav tawm. Blooming buckwheat yog ib qho zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag zib ntab yooj yim mus xyuas los ntawm muv (txog li 100 kg ntawm zib ntab ib 1 hectare). Ntxiv rau cov muv, buckwheat tau ntsib los ntawm ntau dua 90 hom kab.

Xyoo dhau los, lub sown thaj chaw ntawm buckwheat nyob rau hauv Russia muaj li ntawm 1.2 txog 2 lab hectares. Tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig tau thiab tseem qis (0.3-0.8 t / his). Qhov no yog vim muaj kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev siv tshuab sau qoob loo, thiab rau lub caj ces roj ntsha ntawm buckwheat. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws cov morphological thiab physiological yam ntxwv - nrog rau kev loj hlob, tawg paj, txi txiv thiab tsim dua ntawm qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm sim, kev mob siab rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob qoob loo txuas ntxiv.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv hauv kev muab cov ntoo nrog dej thiab cov as-ham. Lub hauv paus system ntawm buckwheat yog qhov tsis muaj zog, nws kis mus rau qhov tob ntawm 30-35 cm, thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus - txog 40 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus plaub hau tuag tawm ntawm lub hnub thirtieth lub neej.

Paj ntawm cov sib txawv zoo (dimorphism) qhib thiab pollinate tsuas yog nyob rau hauv huab cua puag huab cua. Yog li, thaum xaus ntawm lub caij cog qoob loo, tsuas yog 10-15% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tag nrho cov paj tau tsim rau hauv cov ntoo.

Tam sim no, kwv yees li 50 ntau yam ntawm buckwheat tau zoned nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab ntau ntawm lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig txog li 3 t / his. Hauv North-West, suav nrog hauv thaj chaw Leningrad, yav dhau los, ntau tshaj 2 t / his ntawm cov pob kws buckwheat tau txais.

Lub npe botanical rau buckwheat yog Fagopyrum Gaertn. Yog li nws tau lub npe los ntawm Gertner rau qhov sib luag ntawm cov txiv ntoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm beech. Lub genus ntawm buckwheat suav nrog 5 hom, tab sis tsuas yog Fagopyrum esculentum (cog qoob loo buckwheat) yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntseeg tias buckwheat yog los ntawm qhov Himalayas. Nws tau coj mus rau Tebchaws Russia los ntawm Tatars los ntawm Asia nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Qhov no, thaj, tuaj yeem piav qhia lub npe ntawm buckwheat - "Tatar", siv los ntawm Western Slavic thiab Baltic haiv neeg (Tug, Slovenes, Estonians, Finns, thiab lwm yam).

Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua ke nrog nplej ntawm nplej, nplej thiab txhuv, tau pom nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw faus av ntawm cov pab pawg Slavic (cov neeg qaum teb thiab qaum teb). Buckwheat tau nkag mus hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws, thaum ntxov, nyob rau lub sijhawm feudal, uas yog, ntau dua tom qab oats thiab txawm tias rye, tab sis nws tau txais kev lees paub sai heev los ntawm cov pejxeem thiab coj qhov chaw thib ob hais txog thaj chaw sown tom qab rye.

Niaj hnub nimno buckwheat ntau yam muaj lub caij cog qoob loo ntawm 65 txog 100 hnub, vim tias nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam nws tau muab cog ua qoob loo thiab sau qoob loo tom qab. Nws yog rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib hnub luv thiab loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws nrog 16-18 teev ntawm lub sijhawm nruab hnub. Cov kab lis kev cai no yog thermophilic, yog li ntawd nws tau sown thaum cov av sov txog li 6 … 8 ° C, tab sis ntau tus phooj ywg tua pom nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm 13 … 16 ° C. Buckwheat seedlings yog rhiab heev rau te. Thaum twg qhov kub thiab txias mus rau -2 … -2.5 ° C, nplooj, paj thiab qia yuav puas ntsoog, thiab nyob rau hauv qis kub qhov nroj tsuag tuag. Cov qoob loo yauv nce ntau yog tias huab cua sov (16 … 18 ° C) thiab nquag noo thaum lub sijhawm ua paj.

Buckwheat yog hygrophilous, xav tau ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium, av (pH - 5-6.5). Cov kab lis kev cai no yog thawj tus coj zoo rau lwm haiv neeg. Ua tsaug rau lub hauv paus cag thiab cov organic acids uas nws tso tawm, nyuaj rau phosphorus tebchaw yuav nqus tau los ntawm cov av.

Lub peev xwm nqus dej ntawm cov hauv paus hniav buckwheat yog 7-8 zaug siab dua li ntawm lub caij ntuj no cov nplej thiab 1.5 npaug siab dua li ntawd ntawm millet. Nyob rau hauv kev sim teb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Cog Qoob Loo ntawm St. Petersburg State Agrarian University (St. Petersburg State Agrarian University) hauv nroog Pushkin, peb tau loj hlob ntau yam ntawm ntau hom txiv ntoo hauv Kazan. Lawv sown nyob rau hauv dog dig (tom qab 15 cm) thiab dav-kab txoj kev (tom qab 30 cm) nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib kaum kaum hnub ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, raws li cov av matured.

Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau xyoo 2007 thiab 2008 txog ntau yam kev cog qoob loo, muab rau cov chiv keeb thaum ub - ntoo tshauv (2 c / his), cov tshuaj chiv (N60P60K90) thiab cov kab mob uas npaj los ntawm rhizosphere nitrogen-kho cov kab mob hauv av.

Cov kab mob npaj nrog ntau cov kab mob ntawm nitrogen-kho cov kab mob rhizosphere (lawv txiav txim tsis nyob hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ib yam li hauv legumes, tab sis ze ze cov hauv paus hniav) tau nkag mus rau hauv av thaum tseb cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag cog. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj ntawm St. Petersburg Lub Xeev Agrarian University tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv txhua cov qoob loo. Kev nce tawm hauv kev tawm los ntawm kev siv cov pa atmospheric nitrogen los ntawm cov nroj tsuag vim qhov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob av li ntawm 20 txog 200%.

Cov khoom siv roj ntsha no tau tsim nyob rau ntawm All-Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Chaw Kho Mob ntawm Agricultural Microbiology ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Agricultural Science thiab tau nthuav dav rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Biopreparations ntawm Extrasol-f pawg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv: agrophil, mizorin, rhizoagrin, azorizin, flavobacterin, txhua yam uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo ntawm ib pawg lossis ntau pawg ntawm cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb (lis, zaub, zaub raj, nyom zaub mov), fodder cag, thiab lwm yam.).d.).

Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom

Kittens rau Cov Muag Khoom Siv Cov Khw Muag Taw Plaub rau muag

Cov kab mob, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrogen, cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas tiv thaiv cov zaub, ntsuab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo los ntawm cov kab mob, nce cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm 15-20%, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm ascorbic acid los ntawm 20-50%, cov kab mob kis los ntawm nroj tsuag thiab cov tub ntxhais poob qis li 5% 10 zaug. Ntawm cov nyom cov nyom nyom ntawm cov nyom nyom, qhov ceev ob npaug, thiab cov ntsiab lus chlorophyll nce hauv lawv (los ntawm 30-45%).

Muaj txiaj ntsig cov kab mob rhizosphere, ua rau lub hauv paus thaj tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag (rhizosphere) thiab saum npoo ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, tshem tawm cov kab mob pathogenic (1 g ntawm kev npaj muaj txog 10 billion tus kab mob).

Lawv tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob loj hlob (qhov sib piv ntawm cov pab thiab heteroauxins) thiab cov vitamins, kho cov pa nitrogen los ntawm cov huab cua (0.3-0.4 kg / hnub) thiab pub cov nroj tsuag nrog lawv, uas yog sib npaug rau kev qhia ntawm 6- 8 kg ntawm ammonium nitrate lossis 300-400 kg quav quav ib puas square metres.

Hauv peb qhov kev sim rau buckwheat, thaum sowing, peb qhia rhizoagrin - 0.3 kg / Ha. Lub caij cog qoob loo ntawm ntau hom buckwheat Kazanskaya loj-ua rau cov kev mob ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam yog 128-138 hnub hauv 2007 thiab 123 hnub hauv 2008. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv kom txog rau thaum lub Kaum Hli 10-15. Thiab ntu theem ntawm kev pib tawg paj thiab tawg paj pib hauv North-West txij li xyoo caum thib ob ntawm Lub Rau Hli.

Yog tias koj tseb buckwheat raws li cog qoob loo hauv kab ntawm lub vaj hauv qab cov ntoo txiv ntoo, nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo dub thiab liab currants, hauv cov paj paj, ze rau ntawm cov kab paj ntoo raws li cov ntoo kom zoo nkauj, nws yuav zoo siab rau koj nrog cov ntaub pua plag dawb-liab dawb sab xis rau cov daus.

Peb txiav nyom buckwheat nyob rau hauv lub vaj thaum txiv apples pib poob, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nplooj zeeg los yog caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum khawb, peb cog cov khoom cog rau hauv av. Nws tau sau tseg tias cov naj npawb ntawm cov kab tsuag (slugs, Colorado beetles) yuav tsawg dua yog tias cov plantings sown nrog buckwheat.

Cov noob Buckwheat tau muag rau lub vaj hauv txhua lub khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav tsum tau sown thaum lub te dhau, tab sis lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2008 hauv peb daim teb kev sim cov noob tsis raug puas los ntawm te txawm tias lub caij khov tshaj plaws nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 6-7. Blooming buckwheat nyob rau hauv lub vaj nyiam cov muv, bumble thiab lwm yam pollinators, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua yam qoob loo uas cog hauv lub vaj.

Rau beekeepers, buckwheat cov qoob loo yog qhov yuav tsum muaj. Xyoo 2008, Kuv tseem ntxiv phacelia rau buckwheat, uas tsis yog tsuas yog muaj tsob ntoo zib ntab zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov paj zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, muaj ceg zoo nkauj thiab tawg paj kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov noob buckwheat tau txais los ntawm peb xyoo 2007 ntawm kab qoob loo (300 noob ib 1 m2) - 1.17 t / ha thiab kav - 2.69 t / ha ntawm huab cua qhuav huab hwm coj (tag nrho 3.86 t / ha) nrog kev qhia ntawm N60P60K90 … Tshauv tseem tau qhia - 0.95 t / ha, kev npaj cov kab mob rhizoagrin - 0.88 t / his. Qhov no yog qhov zoo sau rau Northwest. Nrog dav-kab sowing, cov txiaj ntsig cov qoob loo tau qis dua thiab tau qis rau 0.61-0.74 t / his. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo teeb yog 20-28%.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov paj rau ntawm cov cog buckwheat nrog dav sowing (150 noob ib 1 m²) yog siab dua - txog 784 pieces, thiab nrog cov kab sowing 325-507 pieces. Nyob rau xyoo 2008, huab cua puag hais txog kev tso cua sov thiab noo noo tau cuam tshuam ntau dua li xyoo 2007, thiab yog li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov buckwheat, qhov poob qis rau paj mus rau 325-454 daim ib cov nroj tsuag tau sau tseg, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 0.22 -0.76 t / his. Txiv mab txiv ntoo tau teeb tsa hauv kev tswj hwm tau yog 10-12%, thiab nrog kev siv cov khoom siv roj ntsha 23-31%.

Peb cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kuv qhov kev paub dhau los ua tus saib xyuas lub vaj ua rau peb pom zoo rau buckwheat raws li kev ua zaub ua mov ci, melliferous, ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ntsuab tso quav ntawm North-West ntawm Russia. Thiab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ib txwm muaj ntawm kev cog qoob loo, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm nws txoj kev siv yog tsuas txwv.