Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntawm Cov Nroj Tsuag Los Ntawm Kab Nrog Kev Npaj Tshuaj Lom Nemabakt Thiab Antonem

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Nemabakt thiab Antonem-F - kev npaj raws li entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes

Kev siv cov tshuaj hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub xeev ib puag ncig. Tam sim no, hauv ntau lub teb chaws, txoj kev ntsuas tseem tab tom raug tsim thiab siv, uas txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov kab tsuag yuav yog kev noj qab haus huv, txhawb kev tsim tawm thiab nce kev ua si ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov tsiaj.

Piv txwv, hauv kev tawm tsam cov kab tsuag, qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog muab rau kev siv lawv cov yeeb ncuab ntuj - cab, tsiaj txhom, tsiaj txhom. Hauv qhov no, ob xyoo dhau los, kev txaus siab rau entomopathogenic nematodes los ntawm cov tsev neeg Steinernematidae thiab Heterorhabditidae (chav kawm Nematoda) tau nce ntau.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Cov nematodes no yog cov kab mob me me uas muaj peev xwm kis ntau dua ntau txhiab hom kab ntawm ntau yam kev txiav txim, cuam tshuam rau txhua theem ntawm kev txhim kho tshwj tsis yog lub qe. Lawv yoog raws kev ua kom tau ntev hauv cov av tsis muaj kev noj haus, yog sib xws nrog ntau cov khoom tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv av thiab nroj tsuag nrog txhua yam tshuaj tsuag. Lawv qhov kev tawm tsam rau ntau cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg, tsiaj cov tsiaj sov thiab nroj tsuag ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov cab no los ua txoj hauv kev los tua cov kab.

Nematodes nkag mus rau cov kab ntawm lub cev ua ke - nrog zaub mov thiab ua kom nquag plias - los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, qhov quav, spiracles thiab cuticle, tom qab ntawd nematodes tso cov kab mob symbiotic rau hauv cov kab ntawm cov ntshav. Tom qab kis tau tus mob nrog nematodes, tus kab tuag rau 2-3 hnub nyob rau hauv tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob symbiotic thiab vim muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom hauv nrog cev los ntawm nematodes.

Hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab, nematodes tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 10-20 hnub, thiab yog tias, thaum lub sijhawm kis mob, cov tib neeg ntawm nematodes nkag mus rau hauv cov kab, tom qab ntawd thaum kawg ntawm kev txhim kho kaum thiab ntau pua txhiab tus neeg muaj peev xwm kis tau cov kab tshiab tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm nws.

Qhov ua tiav tshwj xeeb yog kev siv nematodes tiv thaiv cov theem ntawm cov kab kev loj hlob cuam tshuam nrog kev nyob hauv av, hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qia, tua thiab cov kab ntawm cov ntoo, i.e. tawm tsam cov kab tsuag, nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam uas muaj kev siv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nrog rau ib daim ntawv thov rau cov av, cov cab no tso cai rau lub sijhawm ntev los tswj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau hom kab, ua rau foci ntuj.

Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom

Kittens rau Cov Muag Khoom Siv Cov Khw Muag Taw Plaub rau muag

Weevil

Thiab tam sim no cia peb nyob ntawm qhov peculiarities ntawm kev siv nematodes tawm tsam cov kab txuam hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob nrog av: nyem kab, zaub qhwv; cov kab uas nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv: weevils, thrips, crickets, mushroom yoov, thiab zoo li nyob hauv cov yub ntawm cov nroj tsuag: currant iav.

Clicker larvae, wireworms, yog theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab no ua kom puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag. Thaum nemabact thiab entonem-F tau thov rau cov av saum npoo av hauv cov qos yaj ywm thaum lub sijhawm budding lossis thaum nws cog, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 500-700 txhiab nematodes ib square meter, tus naj npawb ntawm wireworms yog txo los ntawm 93.6% los ntawm kev suav sau sij hawm.

Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab tsuag ntawm zaub qhwv thiab radish yog khiab los ntawm cov yoov cabbage - caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Vim tias tsis muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov kab, entomopathogenic nematodes yog cov muaj kev txaus siab. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov tawm tsam cov yoov cabbage yog soj ntsuam los ntawm ob qhov ntsuas - cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov lej ntawm cov chav dej yoov hauv cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob.

Nematodes yog siv los ntawm kev qhia cov kab menyuam ntxau hauv cov zaub qhwv hauv lub sijhawm cog ntoo nyob hauv av qhib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev txo qis hauv kev poob nroj tsuag los ntawm kev tua kab. Nemabakt thiab entonem-F tau qhia ua ke nrog dej nkag thaum cog cov yub cog yog cog rau hauv av, thiab ntawm radishes - tom qab pib nteg qe los ntawm yoov. Qhov pom zoo kom noj txaus yog 125-250 txhiab tus menyuam dej rau txhua qhov square meter ntawm lub txaj ua ke nrog cov dej ntws.

Xab thoj

Ib qho kev phom sij tshaj plaws uas ua rau cov tsev cog qoob loo puas tsuaj yog paj hnub poob paj. Cov nymph theem ntawm thrips, raws li nyob rau ntau hom tsiaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim no, feem ntau txhim kho hauv cov av thiab yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pejxeem txuas ntxiv vim qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev tiv thaiv tshuaj.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ntau lawm qhia tau hais tias txawm tias muaj ib daim ntawv tab sis txhua xyoo thov entonem-F rau cov av ntawm lub tsev cog khoom ntsuab, peb zaug lossis ntau dua kev txo qis ntawm cov paj ntawm Western paj tau tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj lub ntsej muag ntse nyob hauv cov xov tooj ntawm cov kab tsuag, zoo li yog muaj li thaum siv qee yam tshuaj siv ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Hauv kev tsim cov kab mob ntawm lub txaj ua haujlwm, lub siab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha los tawm tsam kev haus luam yeeb yeej tseem ua tiav.

Hauv kev cog paj kom zoo nkauj, weevils tuaj yeem muab cais ua cov kab tsuag txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws yog cov qib ntawm cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab tsuag, tawm tsam qhov kev npaj nematode siv. Nematodes thov rau cov av saum npoo av hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov aqueous ncua kev nkag ntawm cov kab mob muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo kis tus kab mob larvae faib thoob plaws hauv av.

Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm nematodes nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub kab lis kev cai ntawm kev cog qoob loo, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv 10 txhiab tus menyuam kab tawm rau ib tsob nroj. Qhov no ua tiav qhov feem pua ntawm cov kab tsuag me me.

Mushroom ya

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kua txob thiab cov qoob loo ntsuab (zaub txhwb qaib, zaub xas lav, zaub txhwb qaib) hauv tsev ntsuab yog nqa tawm siv thev naus laus zis uas tsis suav nrog siv tshuaj tua kab. Crickets ua txoj hauv kev ua neej tsis pub leejtwg paub.

Rau feem ntau ntawm lub hnub, lawv nyob hauv qab lumps ntawm av thiab tsev cog khoom qauv uas muaj kev sib cuag nrog nws saum npoo. Cov chaw nyob ntawm cov kab cooj yog tsim kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev siv tau ntawm entomopathogenic nematodes tawm tsam lawv. Nrog rau cov ntawv thov tas mus li ntawm qhov tsis raug ncua ntawm nematodes mus rau saum npoo av ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev noj ntawm 2 billion tus kab mob dej hauv 300 litres ntawm cov dej hauv 1 hectares, cov kev siv roj ntsha ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov twb nyob rau hnub plaub tau 74% thiab 77.9%, thiab nyob rau 33 hnub tom qab kev qhia ntawm cov menyuam kab - 95% thiab 100%.

Qhov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws cov kab ntawm champignons hauv kev cog qoob loo yog cov nceb qe. Cov kab mob Sciarid, pub rau ntawm mycelium thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov nceb, txo cov qoob loo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom tiav. Hauv cov kab ke kev tiv thaiv ntawm champignons los ntawm cov kab tsuag hauv peb lub tebchaws, kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov pawg organophosphorus thiab pyrethroid thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chitin synthesis tau pom zoo.

Thaum qhov aqueous ncua kev kawm ntawm nematodes yog thov rau saum npoo ntawm txheej casing thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob ntawm fungal mycelium ntawm kev noj nyiaj ntawm 1 lab nematodes ib square meter ntawm kev cog, kev nce hauv tawm los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 kg ib 'meter' tau tiav.

Iav currant belongs rau ib pawg ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb cov kab tsuag, nws cov kab ntsig pub rau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm currant thiab gooseberry tua, uas ua rau tawg loj heev ntawm cov qia thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob, thiab lawv lub sijhawm tsis qhuav.

Cov iav kab ntsig tau nqa nrog cov khoom siv cog rau cov ntoo thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm tus kheej. Kev paub thoob ntiaj teb qhia tau hais tias kev tawm tsam cov tsom iav yuav ua tiav ua tiav siv cov kab mob hlwb.

Hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam currant iav ntawm currants, Nemabakt thiab Antonem-F raug pom zoo. Kev tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav los ntawm kab tsuag (kev ua haujlwm zoo 90-100%) yog ua tiav los ntawm kev muab cov ntoo txiav rau hauv cov xuab zeb ntub nrog cov nematodes (cov ntsiab lus ntawm nematodes 200-300 tus menyuam ntxeem ib ntu ntawm cubic centimeter ntawm cov xuab zeb, qhov kub 20-25 ° C, kis - 4 hnub). Txhawm rau tshuaj tua kab ntawm uterine currant bushes, nws raug nquahu kom siv entonem-F ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2 lab nematodes rau 200 ml ntawm cov dej hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem los ntawm txau cov nroj tsuag hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov.

Lub sijhawm 40 xyoo dhau los, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Txhua-Lavxias rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Cog qoob loo nyob hauv lub nroog Pushkin tau tshawb fawb txog kev kawm txog biology, kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis, thov thiab tsim cov khoom siv roj ntsha raws li entomopathogenic nematodes. Raws li qhov kev ua haujlwm no, ob qhov kev npaj roj ntsha raws li entomopathogenic nematodes tau tsim thiab sau npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Lavxias: entonem-F (lub hauv paus ntawm kev npaj yog nematodes ntawm Steinernema feltiae hom, hom SRP 18-91) thiab nematodes (lub hauv paus ntawm kev npaj yog nematode hom S. carpocapsae lim "agriotos").

Ntawm VIZR, ib txoj hauv kev sim-thev naus laus zis tau tsim rau kev txhim kho kev sim thiab kev lag luam tawm tswv yim ntawm kev npaj nematode. Ntawm cov kab sim, chav tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam thev naus laus zis tau raug tsim kho, qhov qub ntawm uas tau lees paub los ntawm daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Lavxias Lavxias.

Cov kev siv ntawm entomopathogenic nematodes tseem loj txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov muaj cov ntawv npaj uas tau lees tias muaj kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob tua thaum lawv khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev siv.

Entonem-F thiab nemabact raug tsim tawm ua cov qauv qub, dej-soluble zoo heev. Hauv qhov no, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob tsis muaj ntxeem mus txog li ib hlis nyob ntawm chav tsev kub thiab txog li ib xyoos nyob rau hauv chaw cia khoom ntawm qhov kub tsawg (2-50 ° C).

Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm nematodes ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis zoo, thawj zaug hauv peb lub teb chaws, lub sijhawm tiag tiag tau tshwm sim los tsim kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam entonem-F thiab nemabact, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov thev naus laus zis no tsis xav tau cov nqi kim cov khoom siv thiab kev nqis peev loj. Nws yog lub sijhawm rau kev nqis tes ua.