Belarusian Qos Ntau Yam

2024 Tus sau: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:50

Belarusian qos ntau yam haum rau North-West ntawm Russia

Khoom plig rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo, cov neeg ua haujlwm scientific, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov cog qoob loo amateur yog cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm ib pawg kws sau ntawv ntawm lub koom haum cog qoob loo ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Belarus ntawm lub catalog "Qos Yaj Ywm" nrog cov duab xim. thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txog 38 hom qoob loo uas xaiv los ntawm lub koom haum no.

Ntawm cov tau piav qhia ntau yam muaj nyob hauv phau ntawv teev npe, 24 ntau hom yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (U) rau cov kub qos nematode, 24 yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua khoom lag luam rau cov zaub mov, cov khoom tiav ib nrab, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cawv.

Cov qos yaj ywm yeej ib txwm muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv Belarus, qhov uas lawv pib cog rau lawv los ntawm lub quarter kawg ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm sau tseg, qhov kev thov rau nws ua khoom noj khoom lag luam, raws li lwm qhov, tau nce zuj zus thaum xub thawj. Tab sis los ntawm thawj xyoo kaum ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaj chaw hauv cov qoob loo no tau pib nce sai heev, thiab twb nyob hauv 40s, qos yaj ywm tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tswv av thaj av.

Lub

vaj zaub cov chaw muag khoom Cog ntoo chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev

Feem ntau ntawm cov loj hlob tuaj ntawm Belarus tau raug xa tawm mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, mus rau Prussia, Tebchaws Baltic; qhov nce ntawm cog qoob loo ua rau muaj qhov yuav luag tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm cov rye ua ib qhov chaw ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua cawv rau hauv cawv. Txog tam sim no, vim tias qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qe, cov koom pheej tuav lub 7th-8th qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov qos yaj ywm loj tshaj plaws.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov qos yaj ywm tsim tawm rau ib tus neeg tau ib puag ncig 700-1000 kg, uas yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev coj ua ntawm kev ua tiav cov qos yaj ywm loj hauv Belarus yog qhov muaj kev pom zoo los ntawm cov av thiab huab cua zoo, muaj cov kab lis kev cai, kev paub thiab cov khoom siv thiab cov hauv paus, kev tshawb fawb tau zoo, thiab qhov zoo ntawm thaj chaw muaj feem rau hauv kev lag luam muag.

Tab sis rov qab rau ntau yam ntawm Belarusian xaiv. Ua ntej, Kuv yuav nco ntsoov koj tias qos ntau yam sib txawv sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis paub tab thaum ntxov. Qhia qhov txawv ntawm kev lag luam thaum ntxov kom loj hlob, thaum cov qos yaj ywm ua rau cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab muaj lub dag zog thaum ntxov, thaum nws tiav nws lub caij cog qoob loo. Raws li cov qauv no, cov qos tau muab faib ua 5 pawg ntawm qhov kev paub tab thaum ntxov: thaum ntxov - 55-65 hnub / 80-90 hnub; nruab nrab thaum ntxov - 65-80 / 100-115; nrab-lub caij - 80-100 / 115-125; nruab nrab lig - 100-110 / 125-140; sijhawm lig - 110 thiab ntau dua / ntau dua 140 hnub.

Rau lub cheeb tsam Leningrad, thaum ntxov, nruab nrab-ntxov thiab nruab nrab lub caij cov qos yaj ywm muaj ntau yam tsim nyog, txij li lawv tswj kom raws sijhawm kom tau sau cov qoob loo puv ntawm cov tub thiab tau mus deb ntawm qhov pib ntawm huab cua nag thiab qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm lig blight. Cov. Rau lub ripening ntawm nruab nrab-lig thiab lig ntau yam nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, cog cov khoom yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij ua ntej, tej zaum txawm cog nrog seedlings. Yog li ntawd, ntawm ntau yam ntawm kev xaiv Belarusian, thaum ntxov, nruab nrab-thaum ntxov, nruab nrab ntawm lub caij thiab nruab nrab-ntev hom yuav yog qhov zoo rau peb.

Nws tsis mob siab nco qab tias cov ntau hom, ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ripening, muaj lwm yam ntxwv, xws li, piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm tuber, xim ntawm nws cov tev. Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau yam tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntsuas: siab heev, siab, nruab nrab lossis qis; cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov qe yog qhov ntau heev - ntau dua 24%, siab - 20.1-22%, nruab nrab - 16.1-18%, qis - 12.1-14% thiab tsawg heev - tsawg dua 10%. Cov tubers muaj cov phom sij txawv sib txawv - ntev heev, ntev, nruab nrab thiab luv. Cov cwj pwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg cog qoob loo kom tau raws li qhov lawv xav tau ntawm lawv tsev neeg los ntawm kev sau qoob loo mus rau sau.

Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom

Kittens rau Cov Muag Khoom Siv Cov Khw Muag Taw Plaub rau muag

Thaum Ntxov qos ntau yam

Muaj plaub yam qos thaum ntxov hauv Belarusian catalog:

Axamit - nrog cov kab loj tuaj (9-12 hauv hav txwv yeem) nrog daim tawv daj thiab dawb sis plawv hniav (hmoov txhuv 12-16%). Nrog rau qhov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab, qhov ntau yam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev suav sau ntau heev ntawm cov qoob loo thaum ntxov thiab kev lag luam siab ntawm lub taub; tab sis koj yuav tsum faj seeb txog kev tsim kho thaum ntxov ntxov ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm nws lub tub, uas yog vim li cas cia txias (2 ° C) pom zoo. Nws ua tau haujlwm zoo ntawm cov av xau zoo thaum siv rau ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj ntawm NPK.

High-yielding ntau yam Ntses taub (Y - tiv taus rau nematodes) nrog nruab nrab npawv-oval tub (14-16 ib lub hav txwv yeem) ntawm cov tsos kom pom zoo, nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab lub teeb daj daj pulp (starch - 11-14%). Drought resistant; Rau qhov ua ntej ua tsub zuj zus ntawm kev ua lag luam loj, kom kev tawm sijhawm ntawm noob yog pom zoo. Thaum muab cog rau cov hom phiaj rau cov khoom noj, cog kev cog lus yuav tsum yog 350-400 lub raj rau ib puas square meters.

Caprice - nrog nruab nrab puag ncig-oval tubers (12-14 ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab creamy pulp (starch - 10.8-14.8%). Qhov ntau yam yuav tsum tau xau pom lub teeb nruab nrab kom loj.

Lapis lazuli (U) - nrog cov kab loj loj uas muaj daim tawv daj thiab dawb sis plawv hniav (hmoov txhuv - 12.4-17%). Lawv tau cim los ntawm kev tsim ua ntej thaum ntxov ntawm cov qoob loo, ntau yam pom zoo kom tau cog rau ntawm lub teeb thiab nruab nrab-qhov loj me uas tsis muaj dej hauv av. Nruab nrab tiv rau blight lig. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj lub sij hawm ntxov germination yuav tsum tau txias (1 … 3 ° C) cia ntawm tubers.

Raws li txoj cai, feem ntau dhau los ntawm ntau hom thaum ntxov ntawm cov nruab nrab yog cov nruab nrab, cov tub ntxhais muaj qhov qis-resistant rau lig blight, yog li ntawd, kom tsis txhob muaj tus kab mob no, kev tawm tsam zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais yog pom zoo kom cov nroj tsuag muaj sij hawm ua tiav lawv cov caij cog ua ntej lub fungal pathogen activates ntawm nplooj.

Nruab nrab thaum ntxov qos ntau yam

Ntawm yim nruab nrab hom thaum ntxov, peb yuav tsom rau plaub qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo:

Odysseus - nrog nruab nrab puag ncig-oval tubers (12-16 nyob rau hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab lub teeb daj sis daj (cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab - 12.8-17%); yog ib hom kev sib txuam nrog cov khoom lag luam zoo. Heev tiv taus cov kab mob thiab blight lig, drought tiv taus.

Archidea (U) - nrog lub voos voos (8-12 hauv cov hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tev daj thiab pulp (hmoov txhuv - 16.5-21.1%). Kev saj zoo yog tswj thaum lub sijhawm ntim tag nrho. Reacts tsis zoo rau waterlogging ntawm av. Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj nitrogen chiv tsis tsim nyog. Resistant mus rau kab mob, mob pesnrab tiv taus lig blight.

Neptune - nrog lub loj loj elongated oval tubers (8-12 hauv hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab dawb pulp (starch - 11.8-14.2%). Nws teb tau zoo rau kev nce ntxiv hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom noj ntxhia. Qhov tsis kam ntawm cov saum kom lig blight yog qhov nruab nrab, qhov tsis kam ntawm lub hau yog tsawg.

Hauv St. Petersburg, Kuv tau hla ntau yam ntawm Prigozhiy 2 (U) rau ntawm kev muag khoom. Nws muaj cov kab loj, puag ncig-qe (12-16 nyob rau hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog daim tawv daj thiab cream daj kom zoo (cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab 11-17.5%). Nruab nrab tiv rau blight lig. Qhov ntau yog qhov tsis xav tau rau kev cog qoob loo nyob rau thaj chaw uas txawm tias dej nyab ib ntus tau muaj thaum lub caij cog qoob loo; ua kom zoo yog qis.

Cov ntawv teev cov khoom noj muaj cuaj hom nruab nrab ntawm cov qos ntoo txhua lub caij nyoog

Cia peb nyob ntawm qee qhov siab siab thiab nematode-resistant sawv daws yuav:

Ntau Zhivitsa - nrog puag ncig-oval tubers (10-14 hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog daim tawv daj thiab creamy pulp (starch 12.5-18%). Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ntev physiological dormant lub sij hawm ntawm tubers. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm cov teeb me me thiab nruab nrab, teb zoo rau cov kev mob hnyav. Nrog txoj kev loj hlob tsis sib xws, cov tub rau khoom tawg. Resistant mus rau kis kab mob, nruab nrab - lig blight.

Xim - nrog cov qe kheej loj-ntev elongated (8-10 hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij liab thiab daj daj lub teeb (cov hmoov txhuv nplej 12.8-18.7%). Nruab nrab resistant rau lig blight nyob rau hauv nplooj, weakly - nyob rau hauv tubers. Thaum cog, nws xav tau cov av kub tsis dhau 8 … 10 ° С.

Krinitsa - nrog lub voos voos (12-16 hauv hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab sis plawv hniav (hmoov txhuv 14.4-19.7%). Nruab nrab tiv rau blight lig. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev saj zoo heev (kev zom tau zoo, ua kom zoo nkauj). Lub teeb thiab nruab nrab-xau yog suav tias yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob. Yuav tsum muaj chaw txias (1 … 3 ° C).

Tag nrho cheeb tsam Pskov tau "kov yeej" los ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Skarb, qhov chaw uas nws nyiam muaj koob npe loj heev. Nws muaj cov qe loj, oval, ntxim nyiam-nrhiav (10-14 hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog daim tawv daj thiab lub ntsej muag (cov hmoov txhuv - 12-17%). Qhov ntau yam no yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig, kev ua lag luam thiab ua kom zoo; haum rau txhua hom av, thaum zoo siv lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntuj pov tseg; yog qhov txawv txav los ntawm kev xa rov qab siab rau kev tso npe thov. Kom sai thiab ntau yam kev kub ntxhov tshwm sim, kev tsim tawm los yog cua sov ua ntej cog kev pom zoo. Caws pliav ntau yam muaj ntsis tiv taus blight lig.

Dewdrop - nrog cov kab npauj loj-kheej li lub taub (9-12 hauv cov hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab lub teeb daj daj daj (cov hmoov txhuv nplej 14-18%). Nruab nrab tiv rau blight lig. Txhim khu kev qha nyob rau hauv cov av heev thiab huab cua puag ntawm sau qoob; ua kom zoo yog ua tau ntau heev.

Ntawm no yog qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lig qos:

Vetraz (U) - nrog lub cev loj-kheej li lub qe (10-14 hauv hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab lub teeb daj sis daj (cov hmoov txhuv nplej 15-22%). Nws muaj ib tug intensive tawm los tsub zuj zuj thiab high marketability ntawm tubers. Pom zoo kom cog thiab cog khoom txias (2 … 3 ° C) kom tsis txhob muaj kev npaj ua ntej ua ntej ntawm lub qe (lub sijhawm luv luv).

Tus lav - nrog cov nruab nrab puag ncig-oval tubers (10-14 ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog cov tawv nqaij daj thiab creamy pulp (starch 16-24.9%). Pom zoo rau txhua hom av. Highly resistant rau lig blight.

Zhuravinka (U) - nrog puag ncig oval tubers (txog 18 nyob rau hauv ib lub hav txwv yeem) nrog daim tawv nqaij liab thiab lub teeb daj sis plawv hniav (hmoov txhuv - 14-19%). Txhawm rau cog rau cov khoom noj xav tau, cog pob ntau dua yog pom zoo. Qhov ntau yam muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau qhov kev cai nce ntawm nitrogen chiv. Nruab nrab tiv rau blight lig. Muaj ib tug ntev dormant lub sij hawm ntawm tubers.

Kuv yuav sau cov cov lig ntau yam ntawm cov qos yaj ywm

- Huab Cua, Atlant, Belorussky 3, Qhov Hluav Taws Xob, Zarnitsa, Zdabytak, Orbit, Pramen, Synthesis, Suzor'e, Temp. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem sib txawv xim liab-tawv nqaij (nrog dawb pulp) ntau yam Zdabytak (U), zoo tshaj tawm tiv thaiv blight lig (txog 22 tubers rau ib lub hav txwv yeem). Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab heev - los ntawm 19 txog 26%, uas tau sau tseg los ntawm txhua tus qos yaj ywm hauv ntiaj teb!

Tus tsawg lig lig blight tsis kam ntawm Belarusian qos ntau yam, alas, kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm heev ntau yam nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad thiab Moscow. Yog li ntawd, cov pib xyaum ua qos cog lus tsis tas yuav tsum tso lawv cov qoob loo hauv peb lub teb chaws vim tias qhov ntawd "tsis txaus" ntawm ib tug naj npawb ntawm Belarusian ntau yam. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog cov hom no thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev ua tsaug rau lawv "tau ua haujlwm" thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Ntxiv mus, Belarusian cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntej dhau los ntawm peb North-West hauv lub sijhawm thiab tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam - lawv tau ua ntej hauv kev tsim cov ntau yam uas tawm tsam cov teeb meem qos kub nematode, uas txhua xyoo dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua ob qho tib si ntawm xeev cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau thaj av ua liaj ua teb thiab pib xyaum ua ntawm Leningradskaya.